[1] Motivated by the hypothesis that volcanic blasts can have supersonic regions, we investigate the role of unsteady flow in jets from a high‐pressure finite reservoir. We examine the processes for formation of far‐field features, such as Mach disk shocks, by using a shock tube facility and numerical experiments to investigate phenomena to previously unobtained pressure ratios of 250:1. The Ma...

The process of cosmic ray acceleration up to energies in excess of 10 eV at relativistic shock waves with large Lorentz factors, Γ ≫ 1 requires ∼ Γ particle energy gains at single reflections from the shock (cf. Gallant & Achterberg 1999). In the present comment, applying numerical simulations we address an efficiency problem arising for such models. The actual efficiency of the acceleration pr...

The term 'shock' is used to denote a pathological process, but in clinical practice it must be recognized by clinical methods. Successful treatment requires both the haemodynamic abnormality and also the causal disease to be defined. Because of the dynamic nature of the shock process and the multiplicity of the precipitating causes the clinical signs vary with time and also from case to case. N...

The structure of the hot downstream region below a radiative accretion shock, such as that of an accreting compact object, may oscillate due to a global thermal instability. The oscillatory behaviour depends on the functional forms of the cooling processes, the energy exchanges of electrons and ions in the shock-heated matter, and the boundary conditions. We analyse the stability of a shock wit...

Abstract The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are combined to explore the generation mechanism propagation characteristics of shock wave in WEIF process. results show that with increase linear density deposition energy, distance same time is longer; as increases, velocity on front gradually decreases. In early stage electric explosion metal wire, shape generated expansion evolution...