In our directionally and continuously changing world, history still matters, and it does so in increasingly novel and important ways. Human adaptation to global change will rely heavily on robust baselines of historic environmental variability and detailed understanding of how both past and modern ecosystems have responded to both individual and multiple stressors. The question of global change...

This paper explores the environmental factors that drive the southern California chaparral fire regime. Specifically, we examined the response of three fire regime metrics (fire size distributions, fire return interval maps, cumulative total area burned) to variations in the number of ignitions, the spatial pattern of ignitions, the number of Santa Ana wind events, and live fuel moisture, using...

Field measurement of shrubland ecological properties is should be guided by consideration of the amount of time and resources required to obtain measurements of the deimportant for both site monitoring and validation of remote sensing information. During the May 1997 NASA Earth sired variables. Our results suggest that the ADC is both Observing System Jornada Prototype Validation Exercise, effi...

because plant density is often measured by using plots and also in most cases are done by the method of estimation and counting the individuals, so one of the important cases that we have to decide on is the size and shape of plot. in this research, the density of astragalus verus that it's one of the dominate species in the area and has separate and recognizable individuals plant from eac...

Abstract The crested porcupine ( Hystrix cristata ) underwent a rapid and widespread range expansion in Italy. Nowadays the species is moving towards northernmost regions of country its occurrence increasing highly anthropized Po Plain. Our objectives were to evaluate suitability Plain for species, as well identify dispersal corridors connecting northern Apennines areas Prealps. We modelled hom...

A common form of land degradation at the desert margins involves the rapid encroachment of woody plants into historic grasslands and the acceleration of soil erosion as a result of the loss of grass cover (Archer, 1989; Schlesinger et al., 1990). The conversion of perennial grasslands into desert scrublands has been documented worldwide (Van Auken, 2000; Ravi, 2008) and has important implicatio...

Campylomorphushomalisinus has been found on Mt. Lesima (Northern Apennines) and it is the first record for the Lombardy region. Campylomorphushomalisinus is a rare orophilous species: it has a discontinuous chorology that may have been caused by glaciers dynamics during the Pleistocene era. Little is known about the ecology of the species. This record and the expert-based investigation we perfo...