Nonconcatenative constraints, such as the shuffle relation, are frequently employed in grammatical analyses of languages that have more flexible ordering of constituents than English. We show how it is possible to avoid searching the large space of permutations that results from a nondeterministic application of shuffle constraints. The results of our implementation demonstrate that determinist...

The in vivo observation that the expression of bacteriophage T7 gene 3.5 (T7 lysozyme) inactivates T7 class II transcription and the in vitro observation that T7 lysozyme inhibits T7 RNA polymerase lead to the hypothesis that T7 lysozyme might preferentially inhibit transcription from T7 class II promoters. T7 lysozyme was cloned into a lambda pL expression vector, overproduced in Escherichia c...

Gene 2.5 of bacteriophage T7 is an essential gene that encodes a single-stranded DNA-binding protein. T7 phage with gene 2.5 deleted can grow only on Escherichia coli cells that express gene 2.5 from a plasmid. This complementation assay was used to screen for lethal mutations in gene 2.5. By screening a library of randomly mutated plasmids encoding gene 2.5, we identified 20 different single a...

The algebraic study of special integral operators led to the notions Rota-Baxter and shuffle products which have found broad applications such as iterated integrals. This paper carries out an general equations, shows that there are rich structures underlying Volterra corresponding equations. First shown produce a matching twisted algebra satisfying integration-by-parts operator identities. In o...

We give an explicit formula for the shuffle relation in a general double shuffle framework that specializes to double shuffle relations of multiple zeta values and multiple polylogarithms. As an application, we generalize the well-known decomposition formula of Euler that expresses the product of two Riemann zeta values as a sum of double zeta values to a formula that expresses the product of t...

The shuffle-exchange network is one of the most wellstudied multistage interconnection networks. Whether a (2n 1)-stage shuffle-exchange network is rearrangeable has been a challenging conjecture for some 30 years, and only recently a proof was claimed. In this article, we use the analysis method developed for EGSN networks to show that the shuffle-exchange network can be strictly nonblocking b...

The shuffle index has been recently proposed for organizing and accessing data in outsourcing scenarios while protecting the confidentiality of the data as well as of the accesses to them. In this paper, we extend the shuffle index to the use of multiple servers for storing data, introducing a new protection technique (shadow) and enriching the original ones by operating in a distributed scenar...

Successful infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T7 relies upon the transcription of the T7 genome by two different RNA polymerases (RNAps). The bacterial RNAp transcribes early T7 promoters, whereas middle and late T7 genes are transcribed by the T7 RNAp. Gp2, a T7-encoded transcription factor, is a 7 kDa product of an essential middle T7 gene 2, and is a potent inhibitor of the host ...

Mix-nets are used in e-voting schemes and other applications that require anonymity. Shuffles of homomorphic encryptions are often used in the construction of mix-nets. A shuffle permutes and reencrypts a set of ciphertexts, but as the plaintexts are encrypted it is not possible to verify directly whether the shuffle operation was done correctly or not. Therefore, to prove the correctness of a ...