A sequence involving dihydroxylation and acid induced fragmentation of silene generated silacyclohexenes represents the key step in a concise synthetic route to beta-hydroxy-delta-lactones.

The occurrence of multiple pathogen species on a shared host species is unexpected when they exploit the same micro-niche within the host individual. One explanation for such observations is the presence of pathogen-specific resistances segregating within the host population into sites that are differentially occupied by the competing pathogens. This study used experimental inoculations to test...

Substituted silacyclohexenes, generated through silene-diene [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, undergo Lewis acid promoted Sakurai type reactions with acetals to afford, following oxidation of the resultant fluorosilane, 1,4-diols with four contiguous chiral centres.

This chapter introduces the first basic concepts of co-modelling and co-simulation, including notions of system, model and co-model, simulation and co-simulation, etc. It also describes the ways in which co-modelling and co-simulation can be integrated with established development processes such as IEEE 15288 (Systems and Software Engineering—System Life Cycle Processes, [45]) and IEEE 12207 (S...

Results from phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from a worldwide sample of Sanicula indicate that Hawaiian sanicles (Sanicula sect. Sandwicenses) constitute a monophyletic group that descended from a western North American ancestor in Sanicula sect. Sanicoria, a paraphyletic assemblage of mostly Californian species. A monophyletic group comprising ...

Social context refers to the composition of an individual's social interactants, including potential mates. In spatially structured populations, social context can vary among individuals within populations, generating the opportunity for social selection to drive differences in fitness functions among individuals at a fine spatial scale. In sexually polymorphic plants, the local sex ratio varie...

Preface Designing Screening Experiments (DSE) is a class of information-theoretical models for multiple-access channels (MAC). In Sect. 2-4, we discuss the combinatorial model of DSE called a disjunct channel model. This model is the most important for applications and closely connected with the superimposed code concept. In Sect. 2, we give a detailed survey of lower and upper bounds on the ra...

Pad6 approximants are a frequently used tool for the solution of mathematical problems. One of the main drawbacks of their use for multivariate functions is the calculation of the derivatives of f ( x 1 .... ,xp). Therefore multivariate Newton-Pad6 approximants are introduced; their computation will only use the value of f at some points. In Sect. 1 we shall repeat the univariate Newton-Pad6 ap...

We describe an implementation of the Maximally Stable Extremal Region ([3], Sect. 2, MSER) feature detector and an immediate multi-dimensional generalization ([1], Sect. 2). We propose an algorithm (Sect. 3) that is essentially uniontree with path-compression and union-by-rank (see for instance [4]). However we do not use the N-tree graph of [4] as for the purpose of fitting ellipses to the MSE...