A downstream process for the purification and concentration of formic acid (FA) from FA/gluconic (GA) mixtures, obtainable by a coupled biocatalytic reaction CO2 reduction glucose oxidation, has been developed. The involved two technologies: (i) first nanofiltration (NF) step to separate FA GA, (ii) second reactive liquid-liquid extraction (RLLE) concentrate FA. NF process, using Synder NFX mem...

BACKGROUND Analog-based free testosterone test results, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations, and total testosterone concentrations are somehow related. This study used new experiments to clarify these relationships. METHODS An analog-based free testosterone immunoassay and a total testosterone immunoassay were applied to well-defined fractions of serum testosterone. First, they...

A novel graphical method of analysing continuous membrane separation systems has been developed. The method is applicable to all counterand co-current membrane modules – single-stage, cascades, and membrane columns. All configurations can be broken down into “column sections”, no matter how complex the arrangement. Each column section, which resembles a typical single-stage separator, is modell...

In this work, the effects of permeate pressure and feed flow rate on the performance of a composite polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane in the removal of benzene from gasoline by pervaporation (PV) were evaluated. The results indicate the remarkable effect of permeate pressure on membrane performance as reducing permeate pressure (higher vacuum) from 30 to 3 mmHg causes the total flux to increase ...

Yacon is a perennial plant originating from the Andean region whose roots have been receiving increased attention due to their high content of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Apart from many health benefits, FOS have interesting characteristics as food ingredients, so are used as sugar substitute, and their extraction from yacon roots may be an alternative to commercially available FOS....

The aim of this work is to illustrate the structural and parametric optimization of continuous hybrid distillation-pervaporation process with different configurations such as series, parallel, and series-parallel arrangement of pervaporation modules in the pervaporation network, and to propose a generalized methodology for difficult separations. A superstructure representation of hybrid process...

The aim of this work was to apply unconventional extraction methods including ultrasonication (US), high voltage electrical discharge (HVED) and pulsed electric field (PEF) to extract polyphenols from grape seeds and concentrate the extracts by ultrafiltration. A comparative evaluation of the three extraction methods for release of polyphenols from grape seeds was investigated. The results show...

The reported effects of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) juice on oral bioavailability of certain prescription drugs have led to the discovery of the inhibition by compounds in grapefruit of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the intestinal wall and liver. Recent evidence indicates that furanocoumarins related to bergamottin [5-[(3',7'-dimethyl-2',6'-octadienyl)oxy]psoralen] are primarily respon...