Microangiography, using methylene blue injected at eight vitelline vein sites, was performed on 156 developing chick embryos at Hamburger-Hamilton stages 14-22. Two stream patterns were observed. Type A coursed sequentially through the dorsal portion of the sinus venosus, the cranial segments of the primitive atrium and atrioventricular canal, the ventral parts of the primitive ventricle and co...

The case of a 19-year-old female with a neonatal diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot and complete atrioventricular (AV) septal defect is described. She had had a corrective surgery at the age of 6. She did well afterwards despite recent complain of fatigability with mild arterial hypoxaemia. Transoesophageal echocardiography depicted a 12 mm atrial septal defect (ASD) with a bidirectional shunt, w...

Objectives: To investigate primary and secondary surgical outcomes following transcaval repair (TCR), modified Warden repair, transatrial techniques for partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVCs) sinus venosus atrial septal defects (ASDs). Methods: This is an observational cohort clinical study. Patients who underwent TCR, PAPVC ASD between January 2003 October 2019 at our institut...

Persistent left superior vena cava is the most common form of anomalous venous drainage involving the superior vena cava, and represents persistence of the left horn of the embryonic sinus venosus, which normally involutes during normal development to become the coronary sinus. Almost always, a persistent left superior vena cava enters the right atrium through the orifice of an enlarged coronar...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Isolated persistent left superior vena cava has an incidence of 0.5% in the normal population, but in patients with congenital cardiopathy its incidence ranges from 3% to 10%. The objective of this report was to present a case of intraoperative diagnosis with transesophageal echocardiography and to emphasize the importance of its routine use in surgical procedures for ...

1. Action potentials from sinus venosus and auricle fibers of spontaneously beating frog hearts have been recorded with intracellular electrodes. 2. Sinus fibers show a slow depolarization, the pacemaker potential, during diastole. The amplitude of this potential varies in different parts of the sinus. In some fibers the membrane potential falls by 11 to 15 mv. during diastole and the transitio...

Introduction: To present a rare occurrence of coronary sinus atrial septal defect (ASD) associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Case Report: A 16-year-old girl was diagnosed with features of an atrial septal defect (ASD) by transthoracic echocardiography and the absence of PLSVC (persistent left superior vena cava) connection to coronary sinus was confirmed by salin...