background when a primary radiation interacts with a medium, the secondary radiations are produced, that the contribution of these secondary radiation should considered in the calculation of dose. build-up factor is a dosimetric correction factor to assume effect of secondary radiation in calculation of dose. calculation of this factor is very difficult and time consuming. due to significance o...

we apply the two-sector production function developed by ram (1986) to estimate the threshold regression model for iran, concerning the effect of government size on economic growth. three government size indicators are used to find out the different threshold points. the results show a non-linear relationship of the armey curve in iran, in which the threshold effects corresponding to total gove...

This article has proposed an efficient area-optimized elliptic curve cryptographic processor architecture over GF(2409) and GF(2571). The employs Lopez-Dahab projective point arithmetic operations. To do this, a hybrid Karatsuba multiplier of 4-split polynomials is proposed. uses general traditional schoolbook multiplication approaches. Moreover, the resources are reused to implement modular sq...

Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems (ECC) have recently received significant attention by researchers due to their high performance such as low computational cost and small key size. In this paper a novel untraceable blind signature scheme is presented. Since the security of proposed method is based on difficulty of solving discrete logarithm over an elliptic curve, performance of the proposed scheme ...

BASIC DEFINITIONS: crossing pair of curves and common interior point between two arcs. crossing number cr(G) minimum number of crossings in a drawing of G l-grid is a pair two disjoint edge subset E1, E2 ⊂ E of a drawing of a graph G = (V, E), such that |E1| = |E2| = l and every edge in E1 crosses every edge in E2 bi-clique complete bipartite graph where vertex classes differ in size by at most...

We study the size of the rth smallest part and the rth smallest distinct part in a random integer partition. This extends the research on partitions with no small parts of Nicolas and Sárközy. – To the memory of Nicolaas Govert (Dick) de Bruijn