Enhancing smallholder compliance to palm oil certification standards helps in achieving the global sustainability agenda. Oil smallholders are one of vital parts certified sustainable (CSPO) supply chain. However, little is known about on importance for social and economic development smallholders. This present study aims systematically review benefits received by implementing certification. Th...

In most low- and middle-income countries, milk is produced by smallholders, thereby contributing to the livelihood of their households. With increasing importance production in these it essential that quality a high level ensure safe product for consumers. It is, however, unclear whether smallholder dairy farmers are aware milk. The aim this cross-sectional study was gain insight on Indonesian ...

Smallholder plantations play an important role in oil palm development Jambi Province with a contribution of 70.47 percent to the total area and 57.10 production. Most smallholder are self-managed by independent smallholders whodo not get technical guidance from either government or private sector. Various problems found smallholders, one which is discrimination price fresh fruit bunches (FFB) ...

This study analyzed the determinants of rural households’ food security in Kallu district Amhara region, Northern Ethiopia. The used primary data collected from 395 randomly selected households. employed descriptive statistics and a binary logit model to estimate status smallholders’ security, respectively. Of total sample households, 47.30% are insecure. results showed that sex education level...

This study examines smallholder farmers’ conservation agriculture (CA) adoption decisions from a soil management perspective in two semiarid areas of southwestern Ethiopia. The analysis was based on survey 392 household heads each the mixed maize/sorghum/teff + Moringa stenopetala Derashe district and maize/teff banana fruit tree Arba Minch Zuriya farming systems. Two groups smallholders that p...

This research examined the influence of farmer groups, role cooperatives, and derivative products on income farmers palm oil in East Aceh Regency. There were 100 smallholders appointed to represent all Regency using convenience sampling. The data collected questionnaires distributed by assistants. question items based indicators each variable analyzed multiple linear regression. results indicat...