OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the removal of smear layer from the middle and apical root thirds after use of different irrigating solutions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty roots of permanent human teeth had their canals instrumented and were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10), according to the irrigating solution: apple vinegar (group ...

The smear layer in endodontically instrumented root canals first reported in 19751 is both organic and inorganic in composition. 2 The inorganic material in the smear layer is composed of tooth structure and some nonspecific inorganic contaminants. 2 The organic components may consist of heated coagulated proteins, necrotic or viable pulp tissue, and odontoblastic processes plus saliva, blood c...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of apical negative pressure (ANP), manual dynamic agitation (MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and needle irrigation (NI) as final irrigation activation techniques for smear layer removal in curved root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesiobuccal root canals of 80 freshly extracted maxillary first molars with curvatures ranging ...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of citrus aurantifolia (CA) extract on smear layer removal in different parts of root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three experimental (n=12) and one control (n=3) groups. Teeth were instrumented using MTwo rotary instruments. Root canals were irrigated with NaO...

Debris and smear layer were evaluated in canals prepared with either Lightspeed (LS) or ProFile (PF) rotary instruments. Irrigants used were tap water (group A) or alternating 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA (group B). Apical stops were prepared to size 52.5 in the LS and to size 6 (approximately ISO size 36) in the PF techniques. The roots were split longitudinally and examined at apical, middle and ...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different NaOCl and EDTA formulations with/without ultrasonic use on smear layer removal and root canal surface characteristics after post space preparation. Study design: After post space preparations, forty-six teeth were subjected to different post space irrigation regimes; G1, 17% EDTA; G2, 17% EDTA+Ultrasonic activation; G3, EDTA-T; G4, E...

AIM To test the effect of a noncaustic concentration of peracetic acid (PAA) in a standardized smear layer model. METHODOLOGY The smear layer dissolution kinetics of 0.5% PAA on human dentine were compared to those of 2.25% PAA and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions. Coronal dentine discs were prepared from six human maxillary molars. A standardized smear layer was produced ...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Root canal therapy should not simply be the extirpation of the pulp and widening of the canal. But one should also focus on how to completely remove the loosely-attached smear layer because it has adverse effects on the final outcome of the treatment. PURPOSE This study compared the efficacy of Etidronic acid, SmearClear and MTAD to remove the smear layer created duri...

It has been reported that the adhesive resin layer of all-in-one adhesives is permeable and allows the formation of a water channel or water tree. The effects of a smear layer on the ultra-structure of bonding interface created with three all-in-one adhesives and a resin composite were evaluated in this study. Dentin surface was ground with of 180-, 600-, or 2000-grit SiC paper to produce diffe...