Reserves (areas closed to extraction) are increasingly being adopted as a management tool. Two primary arguments are used for their implementation. The first is a biological argument that biodiversity can prosper inside the reserve. The second is that by ceasing harvest inside a reserve we may generate such a large production of individuals, that “spillover” into the harvested region will actua...

In this study we consider the linkage between productivity change and profit change. We develop an analytical framework in which profit change between one period and the next is decomposed into three sources: (i) a productivity change effect (which includes a technical change effect and an operating efficiency effect), (ii) an activity effect (which includes a product mix effect, a resource mix...