Turn planning is not well-studied in natural language dialogue systems. The current version of CIRCSIM-Tutor attempts to imitate human tutorial dialogue. It generates comprehensible conversation but sounds unnatural. We propose to add a turn planner to improve intra-tum coherence by overall planning of variable references, discourse markers, acknowledgments and softeners. This paper specifies t...

Herder has been sufficiently neglected in recent times, especially among philosophers, to need a few words of introduction. He lived 1744-1803; he was a favorite student of Kant's, and a student and friend of Hamann's; he became a mentor to the young Goethe, on whose development he exercised a profound influence; and he worked, among other things, as a philosopher, literary critic, Bible schola...

the present study,in order toidentifythe effect of teaching by socratic discussion on students' critical thinking disposition in university, was performed in the qualitative approach and by an action research method with theparticipants in one group of education undergraduate students, who were selected by purposeful sampling (n=20). collecting data were applied by “the standardized open-e...

In abstract argumentation theory, preferred semantics has become one of the most popular approaches for determining the sets of arguments that can collectively be accepted. However, the description of preferred semantics, as it was originally stated by Dung, has a mainly technical and mathematical nature, making it difficult for lay persons to understand what the concept of preferred semantics ...

Reflection is a fuzzy concept. In this article we reveal the paradoxes involved in studying the nature of reflection. Whereas some scholars emphasize its discursive nature, we go further and underline its resemblance to the self-biased dialogue Socrates had with the slave in Plato's Meno. The individual and internal nature of the reflection process creates difficulty for studying it validly and...

theistic philosophers have special view on human nature. they define it in terms of rational faculty and thus regard human final perfection and ultimate felicity dependent on the activity of this faculty and actualization of it. there are philosophers, such as plato, plotinus, and zakariya al-razi (rhazes), who maintain explicitly that human felicity is based on his becoming philosopher. other ...