Adverse reactions to commonly prescribed medications and to substances of abuse may result in severe toxicity associated with increased morbidity and mortality. According to the Center for Disease Control, in 2013, at least 2113 human fatalities attributed to poisonings occurred in the United States of America. In this article, we review the data regarding the impact of systemic sodium bicarbon...

BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence suggests a nephroprotective effect of urinary alkalinization in patients at risk of acute kidney injury. In this study, we tested whether prophylactic bicarbonate-based infusion reduces the incidence of acute kidney injury and tubular damage in patients undergoing open heart surgery. METHODS AND FINDINGS In a multicenter, double-blinded (patients, clinical and ...

BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend saline hydration for prophylaxis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing intravenous contrast media-enhanced CT (CE-CT). The safety and efficacy of a brief hydration protocol using sodium bicarbonate in this population is unknown. We analysed whether 1-h sodium bicarbonate hydration prior to CE-CT ...

AIMS The most effective regimen for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains uncertain. Our purpose was to compare two regimens of sodium bicarbonate with 24 h sodium chloride 0.9% infusion in the prevention of CIN. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a prospective, randomized trial between March 2005 and December 2009, including 258 consecutive patients with renal insufficie...

Acute hypoxia causes hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis, often combined with increased diuresis, sodium-, potassiumand bicarbonate excretion. On a low sodium intake the excretion of the anion bicarbonate may be limited by the lower excretion rate of the cation sodium through activated sodium retaining mechanisms. This study investigates whether the short-term renal compensation of hypox...

Evans, R. S., Olver, R. E., Appleyard, W. J., and Newman, C. G. H. (1970). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45,321. Effects of intragastric and intravenous sodium bicarbonate on rate of recovery from post-asphyxial acidosis in the neonate. A trial was carried out on acidotic infants recovering from neonatal asphyxia, on the relative effects of intragastric and intravenous sodium bicarbonate on...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). METHODS We searched PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2004 to 1 August 2014. The effect estimate was expressed as a pooled OR with 95% CI, using the fixed-effects or random-effects model. RESULTS 20 randomised controlled trials (n=...

OBJECTIVE To test whether perioperative sodium bicarbonate infusion can attenuate postoperative increases in serum creatinine in cardiac surgical patients. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized controlled trial. SETTING Operating rooms and intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital. PATIENTS Cohort of 100 cardiac surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative acute renal dysfunction. IN...