In common buildings the soil-structure-interaction (SSI) is governed by the elastic behaviour of the building. The best conditions to see the soil effect predominate would be a dynamic rigid body movement of a massive building. For this reason measurements were carried out on an old anti-aircraft tower from World War II on typical Viennese soil conditions. The dynamic properties of the soil cou...

The lateral movement of soil carbon has a profound effect on the carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems; however, it has never been quantified in China, which is one of the strongest soil erosion areas in the world. In this study, we estimated that the overall soil erosion in China varies from 11.27 to 18.17 Pg yr(-1) from 1982 to 2011, accounting for 7-21% of total soil erosion globally. Soil...

1. Direct and indirect consequences of global warming on ecosystem functions and processes mediated by invertebrates remain understudied but are likely to have major impacts on ecosystems in the future. Among animals, invertebrates are taxonomically diverse, responsive to temperature changes, and play major ecological roles which also respond to temperature changes. 2. We used a mesocosm experi...

Groundwater contamination by fuel spills from aboveground and underground storage tanks has been of growing concern in recent years. This problem has been magnified by the addition of oxygenates, such as ethanol and methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) to fuels to reduce vehicular emissions to the atmosphere. These additives, although beneficial in reducing atmospheric pollution, may, however, in...

Physical protection of soil carbon (C) is one of the important components of C storage. However, its exact mechanisms are still not sufficiently lucid. The goal of this study was to explore the influence of soil structure, that is, soil pore spatial arrangements, with and without presence of plant residue on (i) decomposition of added plant residue, (ii) CO2 emission from soil, and (iii) struct...

Earthworms are important soil macrofauna inhabiting almost all ecosystems. Their biomass is large and their burrowing and ingestion of soils alters soil physicochemical properties. Because of their large biomass, earthworms are regarded as an indicator of "soil heath". However, primarily because the difficulties in quantifying their behavior, the extent of their impact on soil material flow dyn...

ABSTRACT The effect of components of primary inoculum dispersal in soil on the temporal dynamics of Phytophthora blight epidemics in bell pepper was evaluated in field and growth-chamber experiments. Phytophthora capsici may potentially be dispersed by one of several mechanisms in the soil, including inoculum movement to roots, root growth to inoculum, and root-to-root spread. Individual compon...

INTRODUCTION: The percentage of water stable aggregates (WSA) is a measure of resistance to breakdown by water and mechanical activities. Water stable aggregates improve soil water and air movement. Macro-aggregates (diam. > 250 m) are considered as a secondary soil structure associated with pores, microbial habitat, and physical protection of organic matter (Christensen, 2001; Carter, 2004). A...

There is increasing concern in the United States about the pesticide movement in soil, groundwater contamination, and pesticide residue in food. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy, degradation, and movement of fenamiphos (Nemacur 15G) in the soil and residues in squash fruit as influenced by four simulated rainfall treatments (2.5 or 5.0 cm each applied 1 or 3 days after ...

abstract in this study, evaluation of swap model in simulating crop yield, water and salt movement in soil were investigated in the wheat- fodder maize cultivated units. the research was conducted in the voshmgir network, golestan province. the crop yield, soil humidity and moisture data in different times of agriculture year of 2007-2008 were measured. the measured and simulated data were anal...