PURPOSE The sorption behavior of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) to three different artificial soil mixtures was investigated. Artificial soils serve as model systems for improving understanding of sorption phenomena. MATERIALS AND METHODS The soils consisted of quartz, ferrihydrite, illite, montmorillonite, and charcoal. In a previous study, several selected mixtures...

The influence of nonlinear sorption and prior sorbate/ sorbent exposure time on transport of fenuron and monuron in laboratory soil columns was studied. Observed monuron breakthrough curves (BTCs) were well described using a two-region transport model with a single mass-transfer rate coefficient, independent of prior sorbate/sorbent exposure history. However, levels of soil-resident postelution...

The sorption coefficient, K(OC), of phenanthrene (PHE) has been reported to vary with different types of organic matter, leading to uncertainties in predicting the environmental behavior of PHE. Among the studies that relate organic matter properties to their sorption characteristics, physical conformation of organic matter is often neglected. In this work, organic matter samples of different p...

Methyl bromide (CH,Br) is currently the most widely used soil fumigant, and its emission into the atmosphere after application reportedly contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Irreversible degradation and partially reversible sorption reactions affect the quantity of this fumigant reaching the soil surface and escaping into the atmosphere. Incubation studies in closed headspace vi...

Humic acids and clays are important soil components that influence the sorption and desorption of organic contaminants; however, it is unclear how humic acids influence the sorption of organic contaminants onto clays and their subsequent desorption. Sorption and desorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) by and from humic acid-modified K(+)- and Ca(2+)-montmorillonite and -illite were comp...

Article history: Received 17 October 2007 Received in revised form 11 February 2008 Accepted 26 February 2008 Available online 14 April 2008 Humin is an important fraction of soil organic matter that is known to tightly bind many organic compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of humin as a natural sorbent in soils irrigated with freshwater and treated wastewater. To mee...

repulsion effects, acifluorfen is sorbed by soil or soil constituents (Pusino et al., 1991; Ruggiero et al., 1992; Potential surface water and groundwater contaminants include herPusino et al., 1993; Gennari et al., 1994b; Nègre et al., bicides that are applied postemergence. Although applied to the plant canopy, a portion of any application reaches the soil either directly 1995; Locke et al., ...

The nonequilibrium-phase distribution of the pesticide derivative 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) was studied in the context of two surface soils. DCP sorption was evaluated for five different initial aqueous concentrations of the solute -5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 μM. Solute-soil contact times were 0.02, 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 days. Uniformly ring-14C-labelled DCP was used to improve detection limits ...

hanced transport has been clearly documented in batch and column studies (Chiou et al., 1986; Dunnivant et The apparent enhanced transport of soil-applied atrazine following al., 1992; Enfield et al., 1989; Hassett and Anderson, irrigation of treated effluents has been hypothesized to be from com1982; Hutchins et al., 1985; Kan and Tomson, 1990; plexation of atrazine with effluent-borne dissolv...

One of the methods of disposal of sewage sludge, which is based on its fertilizing properties, is its use in nature, e.g. in farming (if all the permissible standards are met). However, the sludge used for soil fertilization might also contain heavy metals which cause soil contamination and are accumulated in plants. The effect of application of organic fertilizers on soil reaction and other pr...