There are various methods for the analysis of the interactional behavior of the surrounding land, using the lining structure which is the most common method of deigning lining structure tools for the static loads by using the hyper static methods. In recent years, there has been a question that depicts whether this method provides the best results in designing the tunnel structure or not.Due to...

Spatial scale of soil character is forefront in soil-scientific research, and the analysis of macropore reasonable sampling size becomes significant in studyinig on soil spatial variability. From the micro-structure of the soil, using digital image preparation and analysis technology, this paper described the soil macropore with rations, discussed the spatial structure of soil macropore on both...

The upper few millimeters of soil harbour photosynthetic microbial communities that are structurally distinct from those of underlying bulk soil due to the presence of light. Previous studies in arid zones have demonstrated functional importance of these communities in reducing soil erosion, and enhancing carbon and nitrogen fixation. Despite being widely distributed, comparative understanding ...

This paper describes an investigation into the properties of spatially embedded complex networks representing the porous architecture of soil systems. We suggest an approach to quantify the complexity of soil pore structure based on the node-node link correlation properties of the networks. We show that the complexity depends on the strength of spatial embedding of the network and that this is ...

The safety of lifelines, as the most important urban facilities, under different conditions highly depends on the safe design and performance of these buried structures. This cannot be achieved unless their actual behaviors are well understood and considered at the designing stage. A new physical model was developed in Amirkabir University of Technology to study the behavior of buried pipes und...

An understanding of the form and function of SOM in soil is essential to sustainable crop production. Various methods of SOM fractionation are used to study SOM forms and to gain an understanding of interaction between SOM and aggregate formation. Physical SOM fractionation techniques are based on the concept that SOM associated with particles of various sizes. differs in structure and function...

In this study, the effective parameters on the inelastic response of asymmetric buildings is evaluated for an ensemble of real Iranian earthquake records by considering soil-structure interaction. Then, the design eccentricity obtained from the inelastic dynamic soil-structure analysis is compared with the design eccentricity of seisimic codes of Iran, ATC-3, New Zeland, Canada, Mexico, Austral...

Soil moisture state and variability control many hydrological and ecological processes as well as exchanges of energy and water between the land surface and the atmosphere. However, its state and variability are poorly understood at spatial scales larger than the fields (i.e. 1 km2) as well as the ability to extrapolate field scale to larger spatial scales. This study investigates soil moisture...