We demonstrate the combined use of liquid and air measurements with the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for quantitative analysis of multistep reaction procedures leading to immobilized proteins on solid surfaces. Reactions are conducted on the surfaces of QCM sensor crystals and are quantified by measurements of resonant frequency of the crystals before and after each reaction step. When rea...

a simple and mild one-pot three-component reaction for the preparation 1,4-dihydropyridines has been developed from various aldehyde substrates, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (dimedone) and ammonium acetate (hantzsch method) in the presence of a catalytic amount of phospho sulfonic acid (psa) as an efficient and heterogeneous solid acid in etoh at room temperature. preparation of psa is straightforw...

A solid-phase competition ELISA has been developed to measure antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus and has been validated using an extensive range of sera from cattle. The assay uses polyclonal antisera and inactivated purified 146S antigens of FMD virus and was compared with the liquid-phase blocking ELISA and the virus neutralisation test on a range of serum sets. When examining t...

The use of chitin as raw material to obtain glucosamine hydrochloride at laboratory level was investigated. Chitin was extracted from shrimp shells by deproteinization, demineralization and depigmentation. Afterwards, glucosamine hydrochloride was produced in four main stages: (1) acid hydrolysis of chitin with 12 M hydrochloric acid using the reflux technique; (2) filtration of the solution to...

abstractbackground and objective: microwave-assisted extraction (mae) is one of the novel, fast, and efficient methods for extraction of bioactive compounds. the aim of this study was optimization of mae of betalains from red beet (beta vulgaris) and evaluating antioxidant activity of its methanolic extract.materials and methods: the effects of independent variables namely, microwave power leve...

In this study, β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) supported, hydroxyapatite encapsulated γ-Fe2O3 (γ-Fe2O3@HAp@β-CD) was successfully prepared and evaluated as a solid-liquid phase transfer catalyst and also a molecular host system and nanoreactor for the nucleophilic ring-opening of epoxides in water for the preparation of β-azido alcohols, β-nitro alcohols, an...

A simple and mild one-pot three-component reaction for the preparation 1,4-dihydropyridines has been developed from various aldehyde substrates, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (dimedone) and ammonium acetate (Hantzsch method) in the presence of a catalytic amount of phospho sulfonic acid (PSA) as an efficient and heterogeneous solid acid in EtOH at room temperature. Preparation of PSA is straightforw...

in this project, eggshell membrane was used as a solid phase extraction sorbent for extraction of morphine followed by hplc analysis. at first, raw eggshell membrane was used and then, because of low adsorption of morphine on untreated eggshell membrane (

platinum extraction from different secondary sources has been experimentally tested by many researchers. in this article, dissolution of platinum in aqua-regia solution from two types of spent catalysts (reforming and nitric acid production) was kinetically studied. a variety of kinetic models for heterogeneous solid-liquid reactions, including homogeneous diffusion model, shrinking core model,...