organ damage after reperfusion of previously viable ischemic tissues is defined as ischemia/reperfusion injury. the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury involves cellular effect of ischemia, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cascade. protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury may be achieved by preconditioning or postconditioning. in this review, we discuss basic mechanisms...

The immunological mechanisms that evolved for host defense against pathogens and injury are also responsible for transplant rejection. Host rejection of foreign tissue was originally thought to be mediated mainly by T cell recognition of foreign MHC alleles. Management of solid organ transplant rejection has thus focused mainly on inhibition of T cell function and matching MHC alleles between d...

Organ damage after reperfusion of previously viable ischemic tissues is defined as ischemia/reperfusion injury. The pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury involves cellular effect of ischemia, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cascade. Protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury may be achieved by preconditioning or postconditioning. In this review, we discuss basic mechan...

Belying the spectacular success of solid organ transplantation and improvements in immunosuppressive therapy is the reality that long-term graft survival rates remain relatively unchanged, in large part due to chronic and insidious alloantibody-mediated graft injury. Half of heart transplant recipients develop chronic rejection within 10 years - a daunting statistic, particularly for young pati...

The liver serves as the key organ for the removal and detoxification of bacterial endotoxins that are continously absorbed in small amounts from the gastrointestinal tract. This paper postulates that liver injury impairs this detoxification process leading to further liver damage and systemic effects as well. Evidence is reviewed to support the contention that endotoxin may be a major common pa...

BACKGROUND Noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) is the leading cause of potentially survivable trauma in the battlefield and has recently been defined using anatomic and physiologic criteria. The objective of this study was to characterize the frequency and mortality in combat of NCTH using a contemporary definition. METHODS Four categories of torso injury, each based on vascular disruptio...