We and others have suggested previously that the binding of somatostatin to its receptors in the pancreas is regulated by not only somatostatin analogs but also cholecystokinin analogs in proportion to their known biological potencies. To clarify the precise mechanism by which unrelated peptides modulate somatostatin binding, the effect of a phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (...

In the stomach, somatostatin is secreted from D cells and is a potent inhibitor of gastrin-induced acid secretion. During bacterial infection, somatostatin expression and release are suppressed. As a result, gastric infection often induces hypergastrinemia that, in turn, stimulates gastric acid secretion, the stomach's most important antimicrobial agent. There are an abundance of data showing t...

The presence of somatostatin in afferent fibers impinging on the goldfish Mauthner (M-) cell was determined using immunohistochemical methods, combined with confocal and electron microscopy, and the relationship of this peptide with inhibitory and excitatory terminals was studied. Somatostatin-reactive boutons were present only on the distal part of the M-cell's lateral dendrite. Somatostatin i...

Treatment of hypothalamic cells in monolayer culture with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) significantly reduced both basal and cAMP-induced somatostatin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and somatostatin secretion. This inhibitory effect was dose- and time-dependent and not mediated by glial cells, as it was also observed in glial-free hypothalamic cell cultures treated with cytosine arab...

Metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) can lose affinity to radioiodine with the passage of time, with resultant difficulty in management. Thyroid tumors are known to express somatostatin receptors and therefore 111In-pentetreotide, somatostatin analogue, can visualize tumors with high concentration of somatostatin receptors. We report a case of I-131 whole body scan (WBS) negative r...

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity is reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid in depression and this is presumed to reflect alterations in cerebral somatostatinergic systems. We have examined this hypothesis by measuring this immunoreactivity and somatostatin receptors in post-mortem cortical tissue from depressed patients and control subjects. There was no significant difference in the temporal and...

Daily injections of somatostatin into mice with myeloid leukemia retarded the tumor growth. This myeloid leukemia is an insulin-dependent tumor (in that it grows more slowly in hypoinsulinemic diabetic mice than in nondiabetic animals). Since somatostatin decreased the level of immunoreactive insulin in mice with myeloid leukemia, and since the treatment with insulin abrogated the antileukemic ...

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of children. Neuroblastoma tumors derive from the neural crest and synthesize neurotransmitters including the neuropeptide somatostatin. This study was designed to characterize somatostatin receptors both in primary neuroblastoma tumors and in two neuroblastoma cell lines, SKNSH and IMR32. Somatostatin receptors were identified in 6 of 7...

Chylothorax is a rare but serious postoperative condition with a high rate of morbidity that may lead to death of children with congenital heart disease. Here we reviewed nine consecutive cases with chylothorax in infants and children following cardiac surgery from March 2002 to February 2003. Somatostatin was added to conservative treatment protocol to increase effectiveness of therapy in all ...

This consensus report gives a detailed description of the use of somatostatin analogs in the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system. As background information we have outlined critical aspects of the pathology, the use of tumor markers, a definition of functional and non-functional digestive neuroendocrine tumors, different imaging modalities, surgical consider...