The study was conducted at the plastic house of College Agricultural Engineering Science, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Iraq, during 2022. To investigate response sour orange seedlings to application with bio health three concentrations (0, 10 and 20 mg. L-1) Synergic 3 6 ml. on growth characteristics Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) local cultivar. A factorial experiment replicates carried ou...

Studies had shown that oxygenated compounds were important in food products. It seems that Citrus species had a profound influence on this factor. The goal of the present study was to investigate on flavor components of two Citrus species. In the early week of June 2012, about 500 g of leaves were collected from many parts of the same trees. Leaf components were extracted using water distillati...

Studies had shown that oxygenated compounds were important in food products. It seems that Citrus species had a profound influence on this factor. The goal of the present study was to investigate on flavor components of two Citrus species. In the early week of June 2012, about 500 g of leaves were collected from many parts of the same trees. Leaf components were extracted using water distillati...

studies had shown that oxygenated compounds were important in food products. It seems that Citrus species had a profound influence on this factor. The goal of the present study was to investigate on flavor components of two Citrus species. In the early week of June 2012, about 500 g of leaves were collected from many parts of the same trees. Leaf components were extracted using water distillati...

Lemon is a prominent citrus fruit that supports regional economies worldwide. Several agronomic and quality attributes are affected by the rootstock selection, thus its selection essential for successful grove. This study aims to compare of four lemon cultivars (‘Mikrokarpo Messaras’, ‘Nouvel Athos’, ‘Femminello Commune,’ ‘Zia gara Bianca’) grafted onto three rootstocks (‘Sour Orange’, ‘Yuma Po...

The levels of the flavanones naringin, hesperidin, narirutin, eriocitrin, neohesperidin and neoeriocitrin, and the flavone diosmin were evaluated in fruits of several exotic citrus (citron, pummelo, sour orange, papeda, mandarin and lemon). The highest total flavonoid content was detected in sour oranges and mandarins, while low to non-detectable levels were found in pummelo, papeda, citron, an...

Systemic invasion of plants by viruses is thought to involve two processes: cell-to-cell movement between adjacent cells and long-distance movement that allows the virus to rapidly move through sieve elements and unload at the growing parts of the plant. There is a continuum of proportions of these processes that determines the degrees of systemic infection of different plants by different viru...

Photosynthate partitioning was examined in seedings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Carrizo citrange (Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf. x C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck) grown with split root systems inoculated on one side with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith). Source-sink relations were studied without mitigating differences in mineral content or ph...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS A deviation from the classical beetle pollination syndrome of dull-coloured flowers with an unpleasant scent is found in the Greater Cape Floral Region of South Africa. Here, monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae) visit brightly coloured, odourless flowers with conspicuous dark spots and centres (beetle marks). The role of flower colour and markings in attracting monkey beetles is st...