BACKGROUND Addiction to nicotine gum has never been described in never smokers or in never users of tobacco. METHODS Internet questionnaire in 2004-2006 in a self-selected sample of 434 daily users of nicotine gum. To assess dependence on nicotine gum, we used modified versions of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Cigarette Depe...

Of 2110 adult cigarette smokers originally recruited to a study of the effect of antismoking advice in general practice, 429 who reported at follow up after one year that they had tried unsuccessfully to stop smoking were offered "a special antismoking chewing gum," either nicotine gum or a placebo gum, in a double blind study. Of 200 who were willing to try the gum, 101 were randomly allocated...

AIMS To examine the occurrence of persistent use (i.e. use beyond 12 weeks) and concurrent use of nicotine gum with cigarettes among consumers who purchase nicotine gum over-the-counter (OTC). DESIGN Assessment of gum use was conducted in the context of a smoking cessation trial among smokers who purchased Nicorette gum and enrolled in the optional Committed Quitters smoking cessation program...

PURPOSE: The objective of the present study is to develop colon targeted drug delivery systems for sennosides using guar gum as a carrier. METHODS: Matrix tablets containing various proportions of guar gum were prepared by wet granulation technique using starch paste as a binder. The tablets were evaluated for content uniformity and in vitro drug release study as per BP method. T50 % value from...

There is some evidence to suggest that chewing gum reduces chronic stress. However, it remains controversial how the taste and odour properties of chewing gum influence stress. The present study was designed to investigate this issue in human subjects. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we tested salivary cortisol concentration, which is thought to be a stress marker, in 96 adults who ...

Dental caries is a pandemic infectious disease which can affect the quality of life and consumes considerable health care resources. The chewing of xylitol, sorbitol, and even sugar gum has been suggested to reduce caries rates. No clinical study has simultaneously investigated the effectiveness of these gums when compared with a group receiving no chewing gum. A 40-month double-blind cohort st...

: Cosmetic formulators have numerous thickeners at their disposal to stabilize and increase the viscosity of formulations. Traditionally, some ingredients are most widely used for these purposes, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, other cellulose derivatives, well carbomer acrylic acid derivatives ...

OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals diagnosed with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in the community using a concomitant nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT, AptimaCombo2) as part of the (community-based) UK Chlamydia Screening Programme (CSP), with those diagnosed in hospital-based genitourinary medicine (GUM) services. DESIGN A retros...

Many studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activity and health benefits of the anthocyanins. The juice of Rubus sp. contains large amounts of anthocyanins and these flavonoids pigments give their characteristic color which tends to degrade easily, also its stability is affected during processing and storage, therefore spray drying can be used to avoid the degradation. The objective of the p...

A complete study was conducted through manufacturing of Microencapsulation Basil Oil Powder (MEBOP) and Thyme (METOP) to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity against aquatic pathogens. An oil-in-water emulsion were prepared using gum with dextrin resultant matrix spray dried average yield 45% w/w MEBOP 50% METOP. Total oil content in encapsulated powder both found be 24.39% 25.80% METOP respect...