The first single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensor fully integrated on flexible substrate is reported. The design consists of an array of 1024 quenched pixels with CMOS readout and addressing circuitries. The flexible substrate was made compatible with sol-gel polymer, which will be used to imprint microlenses by quartz mold to improve fill factor. The SPAD pixel can operate both in fr...

We present a resonant-cavity-enhanced Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) fabricated on a reflecting siliconon-insulator (SOI) substrate. The substrate incorporates a two period distributed Bragg reflector fabricated using a commercially available double-SOI process. The resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) SPAD detectors have peak photon detection efficiencies ranging from 41% at 780nm to 32% at 85...

carbon dioxide (co2) concentration of the global atmosphere has increased during the last decades. increasing global atmospheric co2 concentrations are expected to influence crop production. in order to evolution of co2 concentration effects on morphophysiologycal traits in tagets, ageratum and gauilardia, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 3 replications and 12 t...

The quantum yield of photosystem II, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence and the quantum yield of CO2 uptake, determined from gas exchange, are two physiologically important measurements in clarifying the response to environmental stress. Both measurements, however, require an accurate assessment of leaf light absorption in the photosynthetically active radiation wavelength range (400–700 nm...

Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane: Drought is one of the major limitations to plant productivity worldwide. Identifying suitable screening tools and quantifiable traits would facilitate the crop improvement process for drought tolerance. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of four relatively physiological parameters (variable-t...

BACKGROUND This study examines whether leaf spectra can be used to measure damage to cassava plants from whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), and the potential to translate measurements from leaf to landscape scale in eastern Africa. Symptoms of the cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) viruses, and sooty mould (SM) blackening of lower leaves from whiteflies feeding on the ...

Iron deficiency in plants is caused by a low availability of iron in the soil, and its main visual symptom is leaf yellowing due to a decrease in chlorophyll content, along with a reduction in plant growth and fruit quality. Foliar sprays with Fe compounds are an economic alternative to the treatment with expensive synthetic Fe-chelates applied to the soil, although the efficacy of foliar treat...

field experiment was conducted in 2008 at the research field of agricultural college of shiraz university, shiraz, iran to investigate the effects of urban waste compost (uwc), manure and chemical fertilizer on the initial growth of corn (zea mays). experimental design was split plot factorial with three replications. main plots were assigned to nitrogen (n) fertilizer (0 and 200 kg n ha-1), an...

Leaf lateral asymmetry in width and thickness has been reported previously in rice. However, the differences between the wide and narrow sides of leaf blade in other leaf morphological and physiological traits were not known. This study was conducted to quantify leaf lateral asymmetry in leaf width, leaf thickness, specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf nitrogen (N) concentration based on dry weight ...

Wide area distributed object systems will require mechanisms for creating, describing, and managing objects. The mechanisms must be scalable and must not mandate particular policies or algorithms because users will have different cost, security, performance, and functionality demands. Legion is a wide area distributed object system that supports this requirement using a first-class active class...