the aim of this study was to evaluate genotype×environment interaction (gei) of chlorophyll meter readings (spad) of ten durum wheat cultivars, using data obtained from multi-environment trials during two years, at eight locations. stability and genotypic superiority for spad reading was identified using anova and gge biplot analysis. furthermore, the interrelationships among spad reading and o...

We report on the first implementation of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in 90nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The detector features an octagonal multiplication region and a guard ring to prevent premature edge breakdown using a standard mask set exclusively. The proposed structure emerged from a systematic study aimed at miniaturization, while optimizing ove...

basil (ocimum basilicum) is an herb belongs to lamiaceae family. the essential oil of basil is widely utilized as an aromatic agent in the food, pharmaceutical and perfumery industries. basil essential oil possesses antimicrobial property. due to high economical value and high demand, basil production in greenhouse for permanent market selling is expanding. in order to the investigation of the ...

A complete module for single-photon counting and timing is demonstrated in a single chip. Features comparable with or better than commercially available macroscopic modules are obtained by integration of an active-quenching and active-reset circuit in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology together with a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). The integrated SPAD has a 12-microm-diam...

The first single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensor fully integrated on flexible substrate is reported. The design consists of an array of 1024 quenched pixels with CMOS readout and addressing circuitries. The flexible substrate was made compatible with sol-gel polymer, which will be used to imprint microlenses by quartz mold to improve fill factor. The SPAD pixel can operate both in fr...

We present a resonant-cavity-enhanced Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) fabricated on a reflecting siliconon-insulator (SOI) substrate. The substrate incorporates a two period distributed Bragg reflector fabricated using a commercially available double-SOI process. The resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) SPAD detectors have peak photon detection efficiencies ranging from 41% at 780nm to 32% at 85...

This work introduces a new vision-based approach for estimating chlorophyll contents in a plant leaf using reflectance and transmittance as base parameters. Images of the top and underside of the leaf are captured. To estimate the base parameters (reflectance/transmittance), a novel optical arrangement is proposed. The chlorophyll content is then estimated by using linear regression where the i...

CMOS Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays are emerging as appealing solid-state detectors in imaging applications where high sensitivity and timing resolution are required. In this work, a 32x32-pixel array where SPAD digital output is processed in the analog domain in a 12-transistor pixel is presented. A 25m pixel pitch with a remarkable 20.8% fill factor was achieved thanks to a very...