Experiments were carried out to determine the effectiveness of a transient plasma, i.e, corona discharge, to initiate a detonation in a short tube. A high-voltage pulse generator used a pseudo-spark switch to discharge a capacitor through a transformer connected to electrodes in the combustion initiator section. The resulting voltage pulse (90 kV for 50 ns) produced a plasma discharge consistin...

A hybrid simulation environment for controls testing and training is described. A real-time simulation of a building and HVAC system is coupled to a real building control system using a hardware interface. A prototype has been constructed and tested in which the dynamic performance of both the HVAC equipment and the building envelope is simulated using SPARK (Simulation Problem Analysis and Res...

Digital ecosystems continue to evolve, as new external APIs continue to enter into it. Not all new APIs, however, have the same fate: some are successfully connected with existing APIs and spark major changes in the ecosystem, while others are simply ignored. Particularly, some of the components end up playing a major role in shaping the structure of the ecosystem. To systematically explore wha...

This paper offers new insights into a partial fuel stratification (PFS) combustion strategy that has proven to be effective at stabilizing overall lean in direct injection spark ignition engines. To this aim, high spatial and temporal resolution optical diagnostics were applied an optically accessible engine working PFS mode for two fuels different durations of pilot the time spark: 210 µs 330 ...

Two virtual sensors are proposed that use the spark-plug based ion current sensor for combustion engine control. The first sensor estimates combustion variability for the purpose of controlling exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and the second sensor estimates the pressure peak position for control of ignition timing. Use of EGR in engines is important because the technique can reduce fuel consump...

The authors would like to acknowledge the “Competitive Research Grants (CRG) Program”, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) for directly funding this research. also appreciate all assistance provided by KAUST engine laboratory staffs in support investigations.

many characteristic furnace lines which the spark emits very faintly. An outstanding feature of these lines for the iron spectrum is a prevailing large separation and simple triplet structure. Lines of this class are often of special interest in the study of sun-spot spectra. The furnace offers unique facilities for the production of the inverse Zeeman effect when a plug is placed in the tube. ...

A deeper understanding of the physical nature cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) in internal combustion engines (ICE) as well reliable simulation strategies to predict these CCV are indispensable for development modern highly efficient engines. Since process ICE strongly depends on turbulent flow field cylinder and, spark-ignited engines, especially around spark plug, prediction using computationa...

Multi-point laser ignition (LI) is one of the key potential advantages that LI can offer over conventional spark ignition (SI). Previous research found that multi-point ignition produced more stable and faster combustion. This paper demonstrates a diffractive multi-point LI technology which is experimentally attempted at Liverpool University Laser Group. Sparks with arbitrary geometrical locati...