During a course of fractionated radiation therapy and between the fractions the tissues of the human body may move relative to some reference location in which the radiation therapy was planned. This has been known for over a century and simple 'coping mechanisms' (margins) have been used to approximately compensate. Since the introduction of highly accurate conformal radiation therapy and inte...

Brain tumors frequently recur or progress as focal masses after treatment with ionizing radiation. However, the mechanisms underlying the repopulation of tumor cells after radiation have remained unclear. In this study, we show that cellular signaling from Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (Abl) to protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is crucial for fractionated-radiation-induced expansion of ...

rhinophyma is a severe late complication of rosacea, which is characterized by progressive hyperplasia of sebaceous glands and connective tissue involving the lower two-thirds of the nose. it can be an emotionally devastating disorder, and serve as a medium for occult cancers and other health problems. many surgical treatments have been advocated, as well as dermabrasion and laser therapy. in l...

Surgery and/or radiation were historically standard of care in locally advanced head and neck malignancies. During the 1980s, various radiation schedules were studied. Chemotherapy was eventually added to radiotherapy, first sequentially, as induction chemotherapy, then concurrently, recognizing the primary need of improved locoregional control over that of distant disease control. Simultaneous...

BACKGROUND Hypoxia of locally advanced head and neck cancers is one of the main causes of their radiation resistance that presents clinically as a persistence of residual tumor disease after radiation therapy. Therefore, detection of tumor hypoxia could be an important predictor of treatment efficacy. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a protein, coded by a homonymous gene, the expression of whic...

Radiation treatment in the management of pituitary adenoma in children is still a controversy due to the great concern of late radiation effect. Stereotactic radiation therapy is the modern radiation technique that is more widely applicable in pituitary adenoma because of the ability to give highly conformal radiation to the target organ and to reduce the radiation dose to normal tissue. A 15-y...

BACKGROUND Tracking of post-registration head motion is one of the major problems in frameless stereotaxy. Various attempts in detecting and compensating for this phenomenon rely on a fixed reference device rigidly attached to the patient's head. However, most of such reference tools are either based on an invasive fixation technique or have physical limitations which allow mobility of the head...

A forward stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) diagnostic was developed for the 60 beam Omega laser facility to investigate the propagation of an intense (∼8x10 W/cm), frequency doubled Nd:glass laser beam (≤360 J, 527 nm, 1 ns) through a mm-scale laser-produced plasma. Forward scattered light was measured with spectral, and temporal resolution using a streaked spectrometer and an absolutely cali...

We describe a new technique permitting the mapping of neural connections in the living human brain. The method combines two well established tools of brain research: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and positron emission tomography (PET). We use TMS to stimulate directly a selected cortical area while simultaneously measuring changes in brain activity, indexed by cerebral blood flow (CBF...