Free-space optic (FSO) is a promising solution to provide broadband Internet access for high-speed trains (HSTs). Besides, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are considered as hardware technology improve the performance of optical wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose RIS-assisted FSO system connectivity HTSs, an upgrade existing direct and relay-assisted setups. Our ...

During the last decade Railways have become one of the most advanced and fast developing branches of transportation technology. The reason is very high speeds achievable by the most advanced modern trains (French TGV, German ICE, Italian Pendolino, Swedish X2000, Spanish AVE, Belgium Thalys, the Eurostar) and very low air pollution per passenger compared with road vehicles. Unfortunately, the i...