In most animals, the bulk of sperm DNA is packaged with sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs), a diverse group of highly basic chromosomal proteins notably comprising mammalian protamines. The replacement of histones with SNBPs during spermiogenesis allows sperm DNA to reach an extreme level of compaction, but little is known about how SNBPs actually function in vivo Mst77F is a Drosophila SNBP ...

In this article we study the proteins responsible for chromatin condensation during spermiogenesis in the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris. The DNA of ripe sperm nuclei in this species is condensed by a set of five different proteins. Four of these proteins are protamines. The main protamine (Po2), a protein of 44 amino acid residues, is extraordinarily simple (composed of only three different amino...

Cuttlefish spermiogenesis is characterized by a two-step nuclear protein transition: histones-->spermatid-specific protein (protein T)-->sperm protamine (protein Sp). A similar situation can be observed in another Cephalopod species, the squid Loligo pealeii. The protein T from Loligo consists of two structural variants, T1 and T2 (molecular masses: 10788 and 10791 Da respectively), phosphoryla...

comparison with the negative control was scored as positive. Furthermore, in vitro allergy testing using the Phadia CAP system for specific IgE against shrimp, fish-mix, rainbow trout, rCyp p 1 and protamine sulfate was performed. Results: Skin prick tests were positive to shrimp, fish-mix, mackerel, salmon and protamine sulfate. Intradermal testing with protamine showed a wheal diameter of 7 m...

s:1993:"Background: There are many approaches that gene expression is controlled in eukaryotes. DNA methylation is one of several epigenetic mechanisms that cells use to control gene expression and lock genes in the "off" position. In addition, sperm DNA damage can correlate with DNA methylation defect. There is evidence that sperm of infertile men contain more DNA damage than fertile men and t...

In this study, the complexity of chromatin integrity was investigated in frozen-thawed semen samples from 37 sires with contrasting fertility, expressed as 56-day non-return rates (NR56). Protamine deficiency, thiols, and disulfide bonds were assessed compared previously published data for DNA fragmentation index (DFI) high stainability (HDS). addition, vitro embryo development sperm methylatio...

In the eukaryotic cell, DNA compaction is achieved through its interaction with histones, constituting a nucleoprotein complex called chromatin. During metazoan evolution, the different structural and functional constraints imposed on the somatic and germinal cell lines led to a unique process of specialization of the sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs) associated with chromatin in male germ c...

The testis-specific nuclear form of Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (nGPx4) is associated with the nuclear matrix during spermiogenesis and is implicated in sperm chromatin condensation. In this study, we have addressed the question whether nGPx4 directly interacts with protamines by transiently sharing a nuclear matrix localization. We first expressed tagged protamine 1-myc a...