A simplified method for characterization of standard library cells based on the linear delay model is presented in this paper. The linear model is chosen as it allows rapid characterization with a modest number of simulations, while achieving acceptable accuracy. All the parameters of cell delays are defined as 50%-to-50% delays, as distinguished from 50%-to-threshold or threshold-to-50% often ...

The global market is experiencing stagnation and recession in the “untact era”, emergence of metaverse provides platform support presents a new paradigm. This study aims to provide framework for content creators marketers verify effectiveness marketing. An analysis was carried out fit model hypotheses between seamlessness, presence, interoperability, concurrence, economic flow (SPICE) factors, ...

This paper describes the incorporation of an accurate physics-based model of the resonant tunneling diode (RTD) into Berkeley SPICE version 3F5 and addresses the related direct current (dc) and transient convergence problems caused by the negative differential resistance (NDR) and the exponential nature of the device characteristics. To circumvent the dc convergence problems, a new continuation...

The article deals with BB-SPICE (SPICE for Biochemical and Biological Systems), an extension of the famous Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE). BB-SPICE environment is composed of three modules: a new textual and compact description formalism for biological systems, a converter that handles this description and generates the SPICE netlist of the equivalent electronic cir...

Frequency-domain distortion analysis is very important for designing the analog integrated circuits. We propose here a new method based on the Spice-oriented harmonic balance method, where the Fourier transformations of the resistive circuits driven by a periodic input are carried out by the Fourier transfer circuit model. The circuit is composed of the analog behavior models(ABM) of Spice, whi...

There is considerable interest in the task of automatically generating image captions. However, evaluation is challenging. Existing automatic evaluation metrics are primarily sensitive to n-gram overlap, which is neither necessary nor sufficient for the task of simulating human judgment. We hypothesize that semantic propositional content is an important component of human caption evaluation, an...

The SEI’s Capability Maturity Model for Software has popularized the notion of measuring the software process maturity of organizations. ISO’s SPICE project is currently creating a set of international standards for software process management that attempts to harmonize existing approaches. One of the SPICE objectives is to create a way of measuring process capability, while not using a specifi...

One of the main reliability concerns in the nanoscale logic is the time-dependent variation caused by Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI). It increases the switching threshold voltage of pMOS transistors and as a result slows down signal propagation along the paths between flip-flops, thus it may cause functional failures in the circuit. Therefore accurate prediction of circuit aging i...

Elmore delay has been widely used to estimate the interconnect delays in the performance-driven synthesis and layout of VLSI routing topologies. For typical RLC interconnections, Elmore delay can deviate signiicantly (by up to 33% or more) from SPICE-computed delay, since it is independent of inductance. Here, we develop an analytical delay model based on rst and second moments to incorporate i...