The relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their associated bacteriacan be has great importance for sustainable agriculture especially in the case of highlymycorrhizal plants such as linseed. To evaluate the possible effect of AMF in association withphosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on linseed plants, a 2-yr factorial experiment wasconducted based on a randomized comple...

In this study seven plant species were collected from the forest of Arasbaran located in the northwest of Iran. Sampling was conducted in May and August and roots were used for calculating vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization percentage during the same period. Fine roots were separated, washed and put in FAA solution as a fixative. Through the time, root colonization of all plant speci...

Urograti has been shown to be suitable as a supporting medium for isopycnic density centrifugation of Bacillus megaterium spores. The complete separation of vegetative cells and spores can be achieved through the use of such gradients. Vegetative cells were found to have an average density of 1.135 g per cm3, while the average spore density was 1.305 g per cm3. Under normal sporulating conditio...

Catherine A. Gehring,* Julie E. Wolf and Tad C. Theimer Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 860115640, USA Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia *Correspondence: E-mail: catherine.gehring@ nau.edu Abstract We examined whether terrestrial vertebrates affected the arbuscular mycorrhizal funga...

Bacillus anthracis spores, the infectious agents of anthrax, are notoriously difficult to remove from contaminated areas because they are resistant to many eradication methods. These resistance properties are due to the spore's dehydration and dormancy and to the multiple protective layers surrounding the spore core, one of which is the cortex. In order for B. anthracis spores to germinate and ...

We study the effects of the interaction of 40-fs Ti-sapphire laser radiation at 800 nm with biological materials—proteins or intact Bacillus spore, dissolved or suspended in pure water, respectively. The estimated laser intensity at the target is 1013 W∕cm2. On the molecular level, oxidation of solvent-accessible parts of proteins has been observed even after a single femtosecond laser pulse, a...

Streptomyces venezuelae is a filamentous bacterium with branching vegetative hyphae embedded in the substrate and aerial hyphae bearing spores. The exterior of the spore is inlaid with myriads of tiny rods which can be removed with xylene. The spore wall is approximately 30 nanometers thick. Occasionally, it can be seen that the plasma membrane and the membranous bodies within a spore are conne...

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play major roles in ecosystem functioning such as carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and plant growth promotion. It is important to know how this ecologically important soil microbial player is affected by soil abiotic factors particularly heavy metal and metalloid (HMM). The objective of this study was to understand the impact of soil HMM concentration o...