background the use of dietary supplements is very common in sport gyms worldwide. however, their use in exercisers in lebanese gyms has never been investigated. conclusions these results indicate a lack of awareness among people who exercise regularly on the benefits and side-effects of dietary supplements. there is an urgent need for the implementation of campaigns that target gym users in leb...

Digital games can be used not only for fun and entertainment. The term ‘serious games’ denotes digital games serving serious purposes like education, training, advertising, research, and health. In the contribution the chances and challenges of serious games for computer science in sport will be discussed. Serious games, particularly adventure and shooter games, already play an important role i...

Squash is a racquet sport played in a similar style room as racquetball. In a squash match there are 2 players that alternate hitting a small, black, rubber ball. A complete match is played as best of 5 games, where each game is played to 11 points. Points are scored when a player fails to return a shot made by the opponent. The sport of squash is played in over 190 countries by millions of peo...

Most athletes use food supplements to obtain a well-trained, athletic, and healthy looking body. Supplementation practices vary between sports and individual athletes. Many athletes take food additives, containing vitamin E and food additives with creatine because of their favorable effects on muscle mass. Vitamin E deficiency leads to serious damage to the body, especially the muscles. Antioxi...

Arterial endofibrosis is a recently discovered artery disease that is specific to endurance athletes. Cycling is the sport that has shown the greatest number of cases. The endofibrosis is located most frequently in the external iliac artery, but other locations must also be sought. Thigh pain during supramaximal exercise and patient questioning provide strong indications. The diagnosis is confi...

Muscle dysmorphia is an emerging condition that primarily affects male bodybuilders. Such individuals obsess about being inadequately muscular. Compulsions include spending hours in the gym, squandering excessive amounts of money on ineffectual sports supplements, abnormal eating patterns or even substance abuse. In this essay, I illustrate the features of muscle dysmorphia by employing the fir...

This paper examines how and why consumers develop, enter into, and maintain relationships in a sports marketing context. This paper presents a framework for understanding how and why consumers engage in relationship marketing. Based on Kelman's functional approach to attitude change, this framework presents three qualitatively different levels for understanding relationship formation and mainte...

The use of supplements is widespread at all levels of civilian sport and a prevalence of 60-90 % is reported among high-performance UK athletes, including juniors. The prevalence of supplement use among UK-based British Army personnel is not known. The aim of the present study was to establish the point prevalence of supplement use in UK-based British Army soldiers under training (SuTs) and ass...

ethics and the building of knowledge. Testing the agency of interest groups such as sport federation employees, players associations, and providers of medical service in defining concussion, the author charts the politics of how doctors establish authority over diagnosing and treating the ailment. According to him, cardiac screening of athletes juxtaposes the questions of medical surveillance a...