We have isolated mutations that block sporulation after formation of the polar septum in Bacillus subtilis. These mutations were mapped to the two genes of a new locus, spoIIS. Inactivation of the second gene, spoIISB, decreases sporulation efficiency by 4 orders of magnitude. Inactivation of the first gene, spoIISA, has no effect on sporulation but it fully restores sporulation of a spoIISB nu...

Cytological studies on the sporulation process of Clostridium perfringens have been limited by the fact that the organism sporulates very poorly on most laboratory media. Attempts to promote extensive sporulation of this organism have met with little success in the past (Simmonds, 1915; Adamson, 1918; Jahlons, 1920; Headlee, 1931; Bethge, 1947). Some investigators (Hobbs et al., 1953) have had ...

We used fluorescein-tagged beta-lactam antibiotics to visualize penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in sporulating cultures of Streptomyces griseus. Six PBPs were identified in membranes prepared from growing and sporulating cultures. The binding activity of an 85-kDa PBP increased fourfold by 10 to 12 h of sporulation, at which time the sporulation septa were formed. Cefoxitin inhibited the int...

Yeast sporulation is a highly regulated developmental program by which diploid cells generate haploid gametes, termed spores. To better define the genetic pathways regulating sporulation, a systematic screen of the set of ~3300 nonessential Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene deletion mutants was performed to identify genes required for spore formation. A high-throughput genetic method was used to i...

We identified a signaling pathway that prevents initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis when replication initiation is impaired. We isolated mutations that allow a replication initiation mutant (dnaA) to sporulate. These mutations affect a small open reading frame, sda, that was overexpressed in replication initiation mutants and appears to be directly regulated by DnaA. Mutations in rep...

Clostridium perfringens type D strains cause enterotoxemia and enteritis in livestock via epsilon toxin production. In type D strain CN3718, CodY was previously shown to increase the level of epsilon toxin production and repress sporulation. C. perfringens type A strains producing C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) cause human food poisoning and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Sporulation is crit...

pyricularia oryzae (tel. magnaporthegrisea) is currently used as a fungal model for plantmicrobeinteraction studies as well as an indicative model for anticancer drug discovery. thepresent study introduces the optimal condition in which p. oryzae grows and sporulates beston common culture media. we have considered three fungal culture media, i.e. pda, pca andwa, based on which p. oryzae sporula...

Bacillus subtilis contains an enzyme that synthesizes the highly phosphorylated nucleotide adenosine 5',3'(2')-bis(triphosphate), abbreviated p(3)Ap(3). This enzyme can be demonstrated to be present in the cytoplasmic membrane of B. subtilis at all stages of growth and development. During vegetative growth its enzymatic activity is inhibited by phosphorylated metabolites of energy-rich carbon s...

We previously showed that histone H4 serine-1 phosphorylation (H4S1ph) is evolutionarily conserved during gametogenesis, and contributes to post-meiotic nuclear compaction and to full completion of sporulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies showed that H4S1ph and another modification of the same histone, H4 acetylation (H4ac), do not occur together and have opposing rol...

The impact of various carbon sources on the growth and sporulation six different Ramularia isolates was investigated by testing eight in liquid Richard's medium. mycelial assessed determining dry biomass weight, there were three replicate flasks for each combination source. study showed that extent utilization varied among isolates, highest mean weight recorded RGKN1 followed RGGNPR1. Maltose s...