Instant food powders are usually produced by spray drying of formulated liquid and powder agglomeration, either into the drying chamber or in an external fluid bed. During spray drying, according to the liquid composition, the viscosity of the initial liquid drops increases more or less rapidly, until the drop surface reaches a rubbery state considered as sticky, before further drying. This sti...

The analysis of soot formation and oxidation is essential for Diesel engine development to meet future pollutant emission reduction requirements. In recent years laser-induced incandescence (LII) has developed to a powerful tool for soot diagnostics in flames, even in the challenging environment of Diesel combustion. This work presents some recent applications of LII for soot particle sizing in...

The very first requirement to effectively use a computational fluid dynamics model is to prepare a 3D physical geometric model of the problem. Analysis of the fuel spray process involves specification of chamber space like bore and stroke of an internal combustion engine. Fluent software needs geometric meshing which in the present case is carried out using commercially available Gambit softwar...

Production of soot in high pressure diesel sprays is known to be dependent on combustion chamber temperature and pressure. To a lesser extent, the injector type and injection pressure also influence soot formation. In real engines, separating the individual role of these parameters is difficult as they are closely coupled. Here we present an optically based method to measure both temperature an...

Contact urticaria is defined as a wheal-and-flare reaction that occurs after epicutaneous contact with a causative agent (1). Contact urticaria usually appears within minutes after contact with the causative substances, including chemicals, animal products, antibiotics and cosmetics. We report here a case of contact urticaria resulting from exposure to a disinfectant liquid spray containing eth...

Abstract In the strive for climate-neutral and ultra-low emission vehicle powertrains of future, synthetic fuels produced from renewable sources will play a major role. Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (POMDME or “OME”) hydrogen are very promising candidate zero-impact emissions in future CI engines. To optimize utilisation these terms efficiency, performance emissions, it is not only necessary...

A high-resolution numerical simulation of jet breakup and spray formation from a complex diesel fuel injector at diesel engine type conditions has been performed. A full understanding of the primary atomization process in diesel fuel injection has not been achieved for several reasons including the difficulties accessing the optically dense region. Due to the recent advances in numerical method...

To provide quantitative information to choose the best welding processes for minimizing workplace emissions, nine gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes for mild steel were assessed for fume generation rates, normalized fume generation rates (milligram fume per gram of electrode consumed), and normalized generation rates for elemental manganese, nickel, and iron. Shielded metal arc welding (SMA...