A number of studies and researches have been conducted on Virtual Surgery Planning. More specifically, topics on interactive virtual surgery using haptic device have been discussed in [1][2] and so on. Due to the nature of high demand in physical accuracy, many researchers adapted Finite Element Method(FEM) for the simulation. In this paper, I propose simplified massspring model for the interac...

A method is presented that allows direct measurement of a wide range of spring constants of cantilevers using an indentation instrument with an integrated optical microscope. An uncertainty of less than 10% can be achieved for spring constants from 0.1 to 10(2) Nm. The technique makes it possible to measure the spring constant at any desired location on a cantilever of any shape, particularly a...

Springs are used for a wide range of applications in physics and engineering. Possibly, one of its most common uses is to study the nature of restoring forces in oscillatory systems. While experiments that verify the Hooke’s law using springs are abundant in the physics literature, those that explore the combination of several springs together are very rare. In this paper, an experiment designe...

Karst spring systems provide permanent water sources in semi-arid to arid environments, supporting a diverse aquatic community. Numerous karst streams in the Edwards Plateau and Trans-Pecos regions of Texas support two distinct fish assemblages, spring-associated species and riverine species. Previous studies have identified constant water temperature as the segregating factor but have lacked t...

This paper discusses two approaches to modeling helical suspension springs for use in a dynamic finite element compressor model. The first approach represents the spring's stiffness characteristics with a simple spring element matrix. The appropriate spring constants are calculated using a separate finite element model of the spring. The spring modeling procedure is described and supplemented w...

A new method of direct and continuous measurement of the spring constant of single molecule or molecular complex is elaborated. To that end the standard force spectroscopy technique with functionalized tips and samples is combined with a small dithering of the tip. The change of the dithering amplitude as a function of the pulling force is measured to extract the spring constant of the complex....

Blood, Vol 73, No 7 (May 15), 1989: pp 1987-1992 1987 Hemoglobin Constant Spring is an elongation mutation of the a2-globin locus that results in a thalassemic phenotype. It has a high prevalence in Asian populations. When inherited with other a-thalassemia determinants, the Constant Spring gene has the potential to cause severe forms of a-thalassemia. Accurate diagnosis of the condition with s...