A horse's legs are compressed during the stance phase, storing and then returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units. The arrangement of the muscle-tendon units around the lever-like joints means that as the leg shortens the muscle-tendon units are stretched. The forelimb anatomy means that the leg can be conceptually divided into two springs: the proximal spring, from the...

This paper presents a new teleoperation approach using a virtual spring, and local contact force control on the slave robot. The operational space framework provides the control structure needed to achieve decoupled task dynamics. A virtual spring connects the master and slave systems and a closed-loop force controller compensates for the dynamics of the slave system, rendering transparent the ...

In this paper various applications of shape memory alloys (SMA) in bio-medical field based upon their material properties are discussed, and a novel SMA spring actuator design for biopsy is proposed. Design parameters such as spring configuration, wire diameter required for designing the actuator were defined and obtained through experiments. Finally, itconcludeswith the possibility of using SM...

In daily life humans integrate force and position feedback from mechanoreceptors, proprioception, and vision. With handling relatively soft, elastic objects, force and position are related and can be integrated to improve the accuracy of an estimate of either one. Sensory weighting between different sensory systems (e.g., vision and proprioception) has been extensively studied. This study inves...

Long flexible polymers undergo a coil to stretch transition (CST) in an elongational flow. Near the CST, a peak can be observed in the fluctuations of the size of a molecule (|R|). Solvent effects on the fluctuations are studied using Brownian dynamics simulations of a nonlinear spring force relation that can represent real molecules. Ignoring the influence of hydrodynamic interactions, a linea...

The ballista spring system is a simplified orthodontic system for treating impacted teeth. The impacted tooth is retracted by a spring that accumulates a continuous force from being twisted on its long axis. The necessary operation on the impacted tooth is simple and less traumatic. The force exerted on the tooth is vertical, without compressing the impacted tooth toward the adjacent roots. Thi...

Information of hotel cleaners’ musculoskeletal pain can be acquired by subjective survey on patients. The ultrasonic waves and X-ray examination can reveal the parts of muscular trauma, bones and joints, and fracture. Medical instruments can recognize the situation musculoskeletal pain and related treatment and recovery will be offered. However, after pain is relieved, hotel cleaners often expe...