The authors present and test a new method of teaching Bayesian reasoning, something about which previous teaching studies reported little success. Based on G. Gigerenzer and U. Hoffrage's (1995) ecological framework, the authors wrote a computerized tutorial program to train people to construct frequency representations (representation training) rather than to insert probabilities into Bayes's ...

STUDY DESIGN A nonrandomized 2-group pretest-posttest design. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of a 4-week balance training program during stance on a single leg. BACKGROUND Individuals who have experienced multiple episodes of inversion ankle sprains often participate in balance training programs. Balance training is performed to treat existing proprioceptive deficits and to restore ank...

Study Design: A nonrandomized 2-group pretest-posttest design. Objectives: To determine the effects of a 4-week balance training program during stance on a single leg. Background: Individuals who have experienced multiple episodes of inversion ankle sprains often participate in balance training programs. Balance training is performed to treat existing proprioceptive deficits and to restore ankl...

Patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are reliant on their peripheral visual field. Oculomotor training can help them to find the best area on intact peripheral retina and to efficiently stabilize eccentric fixation. In this study, nine patients with AMD were trained over a period of 6 months using oculomotor training protocols to improve fixation stability. They were followed ov...

BACKGROUND The present study examines the injury status in women runners who are randomised to receive a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. METHODS 81 female runners were categorised into three different foot posture types (39 neutral, 30 pronated, 12 highly pronated) and randomly assigned a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. Runners underwent baseline testing ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of repetitive volitional and compensatory step training with preparatory signals on the limits of stability, postural and gait skills, and spatiotemporal gait characteristics in patients with Parkinson's disease with no falls during the previous 12 months. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial with assessor blinded to group assignment. SUBJECTS Twenty-eight patie...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of running in place while using the abdominal drawing-in method on healthy adults' lumbar stability. [Subjects] A total of 30 subjects were divided into a training group of 15 subjects and a control group of 15 subjects. [Methods] The training group ran in place using the abdominal drawing-in method for 30 minutes per session, three...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of stair walking training on balance ability of chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Forty stroke patients were allocated equally and randomly to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group undertook 30 minutes of training therapy and 30 minutes of walking exercise on stairs with flat surfaces. The ...

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of lumbopelvic stabilization training on tissue blood flow changes in the lumbopelvic region and lumbopelvic stability compared to placebo treatment and controlled intervention among patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 25 participants (7 males, 18 females; mean age, 33.3 ± 14.4 years) participated in t...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of visual biofeedback training for prevention of falling in the elderly. The Tetrax system was used for visual biofeedback training. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty elderly persons (experimental group=15, control group=15) who were above 70 and under 80 years of age participated in biofeedback training. They were trai...