ZBIGNIEW LEYK Abstract. One of the disadvantages of Krylov subspace iterative methods is the possibility of breakdown. This occurs when it is impossible to get the next approximation of the solution to the system of linear equations Au = f . There are two di erent situations: lucky breakdown, when we have found the solution and hard breakdown, when the next Krylov subspace cannot be generated a...

What Explains the Stagnation of Female Labor Force Participation in Urban India? We study the surprisingly low level and stagnation of female labor force participation rates in urban India between 1987 and 2009. Despite rising growth, fertility decline, and rising wages and education levels, women’s labor force participation stagnated at around 18%. Using five large cross-sectional micro survey...

Interior stagnation point flows of viscoelastic liquids arise in a wide variety of applications including extensional viscometry, polymer processing and microfluidics. Experimentally, these flows have long been known to exhibit instabilities, but the mechanisms underlying them have not previously been elucidated. We computationally demonstrate the existence of a supercritical oscillatory instab...

We report an integrated microfluidic device for fine-scale manipulation and confinement of micro- and nanoscale particles in free-solution. Using this device, single particles are trapped in a stagnation point flow at the junction of two intersecting microchannels. The hydrodynamic trap is based on active flow control at a fluid stagnation point using an integrated on-chip valve in a monolithic...

This paper investigates the nature of the development of two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible fluid at the reversed stagnation-point. ”. In this study, we revisit the problem of reversed stagnation-point flow over a flat plate. Proudman and Johnson (1962) first studied the flow and obtained an asymptotic solution by neglecting the viscous terms. This is no true in neglecting the vi...

A key challenge in developing efficient local search solvers is to effectively minimise search stagnation (i.e. avoiding traps or local minima). A majority of the state-of-the-art local search solvers perform random and/or Novelty-based walks to overcome search stagnation. Although such strategies are effective in diversifying a search from its current local minimum, they do not actively preven...

Search stagnation is a serious problem that all Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms suffer from regardless of their application domain. The framework of Interacted Multiple Ant Colonies Optimization (IMACO) is a recent proposition. It divides the ants’ population into several colonies and employs certain techniques to organize the work of these colonies. This paper proposes new effective e...

This paper makes three main points. Fiscal policy, …rst, may be needed in the long run to maintain full employment and avoid secular stagnation. If …scal policy is used in this way, second, the long-run debt ratio depends (i) inversely on the rate of growth, (ii) inversely on government consumption, and (iii) directly on the degree of inequality. The analysis, third, suggests that policies and ...

We propose a new model for the formation of fast, lowionization emission regions (FLIERs) in planetary nebulae that is able to account for many of their attendant characteristics and circumvent the problems on the collimation/formation mechanisms found in previous studies. In this model, FLIERs are formed in the stagnation zone of partially collimated stellar winds with reduced momentum flow al...

This paper makes three main points. Fiscal policy, …rst, may be needed in the long run to maintain full employment and avoid secular stagnation. If …scal policy is used in this way, second, the long-run debt ratio depends (i) inversely on the rate of growth, (ii) inversely on government consumption, and (iii) directly on the degree of inequality. The analysis, third, suggests that policies and ...