To assess the Papanicolaou smear as a screening test for asymptomatic gonorrhoea 311 women who had had simultaneous Papanicolaou smears and cervical cultures performed were studied. Of the 151 women who were culture-positive only 27 (18%) had a positive result by Papanicolaou smear. The presence of either endocervical or metaplastic cells did not increase the frequency with which gonococci were...

BACKGROUND In correctional settings tuberculosis is a public health concern. The incarcerated population is at greater risk for tuberculosis (TB) than the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and associated risk factors in prison settings. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among prisoners of North ...

Abstract The normal vaginal flora is complex and includes various organisms, many of them conditioned pathogens. microbiome controlled by estrogens that why a major difference it encountered between pre-menopausal menopausal women. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with inflammatory changes on Papanicolaou (PAP) smears chronic inflammation may eventually tead to potentially precancerous cancer...

background and objectives: sputum smear staining for acid-fast bacilli is initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) but more than 50% of cases are sputum smear-negative. this study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (fob) guided bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in patients suspected to have tuberculosis. methods: this prospective cross-s...

A three and half years old Jersey cow was diagnosed as infected by Babesia bigemina in the present communication. The had clinical manifestation of elevated temperature anaemic appearance like pale visible mucous membrane conjunctivae haemoglobinuria accompanied severe dullness increased respiratory rate. Accordingly, representative sample blood collected for haemato-biochemical alteration demo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sputum smear staining for acid-fast bacilli is initial approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) but more than 50% of cases are sputum smear-negative. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients suspected to have tuberculosis. METHODS This prospective cross-s...

The rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases that represent a public health problem, like tuberculosis, is a challenging problem. The sensitivity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) makes it a potential diagnostic test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in samples with low bacillary load. A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the efficiency of PCR as compared to oth...

The study was undertaken to evaluate liquid based cytology (Pap spin) and to compare the sensitivity of Pap spin with conventional Pap smear. Pap smears were taken from 160 patients with gynaecologic complaints with Ayre’s spatula and endocervical cytobrush and slides prepared. The residual material on both the spatula and cytobrush were rinsed in Pap spin collection fluid and centrifuged. Dire...

Carcinoma of the cervix is a slow growing cancer, which is preceded by precancerous lesions named cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). The slow progression of precancerous lesions allows detecting the lesion at this stage. The cervical smear allows detecting cytological abnormalities at the microscope. The cells are taken by a spatula or a brush, smeared on glasses and stained by the meth...

Granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in sheep is common in Norway in areas with Ixodes ricinus. In this study, 2 sheep flocks that had been grazing on I. ricinus infested pastures the previous season, were blood sampled after being housed indoors for nearly 6 months during wintertime. Thirty animals from each flock were examined for granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in the peripheral blood by blood ...