background over the last decade there has been an increase in healthcare expenditures while at the same time the inequity in distribution of resources has grown. these two issues have urged the researchers to review the determinants of healthcare expenditures. in this study, we surveyed the determinants of health expenditures in economic cooperation organization (eco) countries.   methods we us...

We formulate and analyse a stochastic version of the Verhulst deterministic model for density-dependent growth of a single population. Three parameter regions with qualitatively different behaviours are identified. Explicit approximations of the quasi-stationary distribution and of the expected time to extinction are presented in each of these regions. The quasi-stationary distribution is appro...

SUMMARY The self regenerative MCMC is a tool for constructing a Markov chain with a given stationary distribution by constructing an auxiliary chain with some other stationary distribution. Elements of the auxiliary chain are picked a suitable random number of times so that the resulting chain has the stationary distribution , In this article we provide a generic adaptation scheme for the above...

We establish sufficient conditions for exponential convergence to a unique quasi-stationary distribution in the total variation norm. These also ensure existence and ergodicity of Q-process, process conditionned upon never being absorbed. The technique relies on coupling procedure that is related Harris recurrence (for Markov Chains). It applies general continuous-time continuous-space processe...