The γ-index test has been commonly adopted to quantify the degree of agreement between a reference dose distribution and an evaluation dose distribution. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been widely used for the radiotherapy dose calculation for both clinical and research purposes. The goal of this work is to investigate both theoretically and experimentally the impact of the MC statistical fluc...

In the United States, but not in Canada, nominal interest on residential housing mortgages is a deductible expense for the personal income tax. This suggests that changes in nominal interest rates could conceivably have differing impacts on real estate values in the two countries. The inflation component of nominal interest should have a negative impact on Canadian real estate, but its effect s...

Brain imaging data are generally used to determine which brain regions are most active in an experimental paradigm or in a group of subjects. Theoretical considerations suggest that it would also be of interest to know which set of brain regions are most interactive in a given task or group of subjects. A subset of regions that are much more strongly interactive among themselves than with the r...

Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation in the United States: 1980-2000 119 Massey and Denton (1988) used an extensive literature search and cluster analysis to identify 20 different indexes of segregation and classify them into five key dimensions of segregation. Basically, evenness involves the differential distribution of the subject population, exposure measures potential contact, concent...

In serial crystallography, a very incomplete partial data set is obtained from each diffraction experiment (a `snapshot'). In some space groups, an indexing ambiguity exists which requires that the indexing mode of each snapshot needs to be established with respect to a reference data set. In the absence of such re-indexing information, crystallographers have thus far resorted to a straight mer...

Block and Marschak (1960, in Olkin et al. (Eds.), Contributions to probability and statistics (pp. 97-132). Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press) discussed the relationship between a probability distribution over the strict linear rankings on a finite set C and a family of jointly distributed random variables indexed by C. The present paper generalizes the concept of random variable (random utili...

Many recent applications of nonparametric Bayesian inference use random partition models, i.e. probability models for clustering a set of experimental units. We review the popular basic constructions. We then focus on an interesting extension of such models. In many applications covariates are available that could be used to a priori inform the clustering. This leads to random clustering models...

In the present study, the water quality of Silakhor River, located in Rahim Abad hydrometric station, was analyzed based on Boron, Iron, Nickel, Fluorine, Manganese, Chromium, Cadmium, Aluminum, Copper, Zinc and Lead pollution. The samples were collected from Silakhor River in Rahim Abad hydrometric station during a one-year period, from December 2012 to November 2013. In addition, metal index ...

Vegetation indices have been used extensively to estimate the vegetation density from satellite and airborne images for many years. In this paper we first focus on one of the most popular vegetation indices, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI ) [1] and introduce a statistical framework to analyze it. We propose a solution to the saturation problem of this index based on our statis...

background: the purpose of this study was to determine changes in sole arch index and their effects on non-contact lower-extremity injury rates among male karateka. materials and methods: forty-five male karateka with knee or ankle injuries were chosen from 288 male athletes attending 6 athletic clubs in kerman-iran. injury-related data were collected via a data recording sheet and sole arch in...