Abstract Background: Athletes, especially bodybuilders, abuse anabolic steroid drugs to improve their strength and enhance their muscle growth and appearance. This study was conducted to determine the type and frequency of anabolic steroids abuse in bodybuilder athletes in Kerman City. Methods: A confidential questionnaire which included demographic data (age, education), name of ab...

1,3-dialkyl 3-phenylpyrrolidine-2, 5-diones were modified to produce potential steroid sulphatase inhibitors. these modifications were aimed at producing compounds, which could be expected to bind reasonably well to the active site of the steroid sulphatase enzyme but could not be hydrolyzed readily by the enzyme due to the covalent s-c bond present. in this regard the sulphinic acid derivative...

the tetrad of bronchial asthma, severe sinusitis, nasal polyp, eosinophilia, and systemic vasculitis is the main feature of allergic granulomatosis and angitis (churg- strauss syndrome). this vasculitis is usually seen idiopathic in patients with a long history of asthma; oral steroids using steroid inhalers, vaccination and desensitization might be triggering factors. drugs such as leukotriene...

ulcerative colitis is a mucosal-inflammatory disease that usually involves the rectum and extends proximally to involve all or part of the colon. medications for treatment include anti-inflammatory agents such as 5-asa compounds, systemic and topical corticosteroids and immunomodulators. a 33 year-old female and 52 year-old male both diagnosed with severe active ulcerative colitis who were resi...

congenital adrenal hyperplasia comprises a group of disorders resulting from defects in enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol. the clinical presentation depends on the specific enzyme defect. we report a rare case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. a 26-year-old female patient referred with hypertension and hypokalemia. she also had primary amenor...

macular edema following diabetic retinopathy is one of the ocular complications associated with diabetes, and it is the leading cause of visual loss in the active young and middle aged population in developed countries. while all patients with diabetes particularly those with diabetic retinopathy are at increased risk of developing eye complications, early detection and timely intervention may ...

in the present study, changes of values of serum 17ß-estradiol (e2), asparate amino teransferase (ast), alanine amino transferase (alt) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) following intraperitoneal (i.p) injection with the aromatase inhibitor (ai) letrozole were investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). forty- eight apparently healthy rainbow trout (mean weight of 845 g) divided in four ...

granulomatous mastitis (gm) is a rare breast disease with unknown etiology. clinical management strategies for gm include surgery, antibiotics, and steroid treatments. as patients with gm often respond to steroids, gm is thought to be an autoimmune disease. here we describe a case of trauma?induced gm that presented as autoimmune disease but was successfully treated by surgery without steroids....