Immobilization causes skeletal muscle atrophy via complex signaling pathways that are not well understood. To better understand these pathways, we investigated the roles of p53 and ATF4, two transcription factors that mediate adaptations to a variety of cellular stresses. Using mouse models, we demonstrate that 3 days of muscle immobilization induces muscle atrophy and increases expression of p...

BACKGROUND The present review is aimed to evaluate the correlation between pathological features and the response to steroid in the patients with IgA nephropathy according to the Oxford classification, mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary hypercellularity (E), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S), tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (T). METHODS We searched Chinese Biomedical Datab...

to determine the prognostic value of response to treatment in patients with focal segmental glomerulo-sclerosis. fsgs includes 10-15% of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. bulk of evidence supports disease relationship with immune system. unfortunately, responses to immunosuppressive drugs are not desirable and progression to end-stage renal disease is common. we analyzed 62 out of 99 c...

Insufficient stress response and elevated oxidative can contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy during mechanical unloading (e.g., spaceflight bedrest). Perturbations in heat shock proteins HSP70), antioxidant enzymes, sarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxidase synthase (nNOS) have been linked unloading-induced atrophy. We recently discovered that the NADPH oxidase-2 complex (Nox2) is unloading, downstr...

Steroids in susceptible individuals can cause a clinical condition similar to primary open-angle glaucoma. Five percent of the population are high steroid responders and develop an intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation of more than 15 mm Hg above baseline. IOP elevation may occur as early as 1 day to as late as 12 weeks after intravitreal triamcinolone in 20–65% of patients. On average, 75% of e...

Increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma following corticosteroid therapy are well known issues for the ophthalmologist for more than 50 years. Corticosteroids use has gained popularity in ophthalmology as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agents but can have important consequences and should be used only with judicious monitoring. The therapeutic use of corticosteroids can lead to the dev...

Kaposi's sarcoma is one of malignancies that is most seen in HIV positive or immunocompromised patients. Kaposi's sarcoma typically involves the skin. We present a HIV negative, 31-year-old Iranian woman from Tehran with Kaposi's sarcoma associated with corticosteroid use.

The pancreas plays an important role in the homeostasis of zinc (Zn), a nutritionally essential metal. In several previous studies, Zn ions induced inflammatory changes exocrine pancreas; however, little is known about complexes. this study, we microscopically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally examined pancreatic lesions Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity...

Steroids in susceptible individuals can cause a clinical condition similar to primary open-angle glaucoma. Five percent of the population are high steroid responders and develop an intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation of more than 15 mm Hg above baseline. IOP elevation may occur as early as 1 day to as late as 12 weeks after intravitreal triamcinolone in 20–65% of patients. On average, 75% of e...