To achieve some level of Quality of Service (QoS) assurance, a network usually has Service Level Agreements (SLAs) with its users and neighboring domains, which describe the QoS level that the service provider is committed to provide, and the specification of traffic that users or neighboring domains are allowed to send. An interesting and important question arises as to whether a flow is still...

Abstract The paper considers stochastic environmental policy and its effects on the environment, portfolio composition, economic growth. Capital accumulation causes pollution which is reduced by private green services public abatement. government subsidizes taxes dirty capital albeit at a rate may become random, causing unexpected write-offs. Tax jumps depend natural degradation activism. We de...

Mountain territories are remarkably exposed to natural phenomena such as torrential floods, arising due climate and geophysical environmental changes. Protection structures deteriorate with time the harsh they subjected since their construction. If not regularly maintained, level of protection offered by these will be reduced. The methodology presented in this paper integrates physics-based dep...

Aging is associated with decline in a multitude of cognitive processes and brain functions. However, a growing body of literature suggests that agerelated decline in cognition can sometimes be reduced through experience, cognitive training, and other interventions such as fitness training. Research on cognitive training and expertise has suggested that age-related cognitive sparing is often qui...

BACKGROUND Aging may cause various functional abilities gradually deteriorate. With changes in social forms, the trend of functional fitness decline will change accordingly. Therefore, this study endeavored to identify the trends in functional fitness decline by comparing the differences in the functional fitness of females in various age groups. METHODS Thirty six healthy females were divide...

Components in engineered systems are subjected to stochastic deterioration due to uncertainties in the operating environmental conditions and material properties. The component could be, for example, moving parts such as gear boxes and pumps in a chemical plant or equipment production plant, the pipe segments in oil and gas pipeline system, and the heat transport pipe segment in nuclear power p...

An eXtended Stochastic Finite Element Method has been recently proposed for the numerical solution of partial di erential equations de ned on random domains. This method is based on a mariage between the eXtended Finite Element Method and spectral stochastic methods. In this paper, we propose an extension of this method for the numerical simulation of random multi-phased materials. The random g...

Road maintenance is a complex issue with many uncertainties involved. Frequently, the analysis of good maintenance strategies is carried out in deterministic frameworks assuming that a deterministic model captures the ‘most probable’ scenario and therefore corresponds to the expected values in stochastic models. Since it is agreed upon that expected net-benefits are to be maximized, the introdu...

This paper presents some developed and implemented theory which can be applied to optimization of condition-based maintenance decisions within the context of physical asset management. We examine a replacement problem for a system subject to stochastic deterioration. In particular, the analysis of a preventive replacement policy of the control-limit type for a system subject to inspections at d...