In this talk I review measurements and calculations of the flux of neutrinos produced by interactions of cosmic rays in the atmosphere. The main reason for interest in this subject is the apparent anomaly between the predicted and the observed ratio of νe to νμ. With the advent of Super-Kamiokande, we are on the threshold of an order of magnitude increase in the amount of data available to stud...

M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, D. Bakari, A. Baldini, G. C. Barbarino, B. C. Barish, G. Battistoni, Y. Becherini, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, C. Bower, M. Brigida, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. Calicchio, D. Campana, M. Carboni, R. Caruso, S. Cecchini, F. Cei, V. Chiarella, T. Chiarusi, B. C. Choudhary, S. Coutu, M. Cozzi, G. De Cataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. De Marzo, I. De Mitri, J...

For—according to the lore—any attempt at pullingoff this featwill reduce themtomaterial implicationand that is decidedlynot agoodwayof assigning truth-conditions to ordinary indicative if s. That is too bad since it seems like they are bounded from above by strict implication (they are true when their antecedents straight out imply their consequents), are bounded from below by material implicat...

Downbeat nystagmus (DBN), the most common form of acquired fixation nystagmus, is often caused by cerebellar degeneration, especially if the vestibulo-cerebellum is involved. The upward ocular drift in DBN has a spontaneous and a vertical gaze-evoked component. Since cerebellar involvement is suspected to be the underlying pathomechanism of DBN, we tested in 15 patients with DBN whether the app...

We give a purely combinatorial characterization of upward planar graphs in terms of upward planar orders, which also applies to characterize the planarity for nondirected graphs.

This paper discusses some serious difficulties for what we shall call the standard account of various kinds of relative necessity, according to which any given kind of relative necessity may be defined by a strict conditional necessarily, if C then p where C is a suitable constant proposition, such as a conjunction of physical laws. We argue, with the help of Humberstone (Reports on Mathematica...

We present the measurement of the the flux and angular distribution of atmospheric νµ using the MACRO detector. Three different event topologies are detected in two different energy ranges. High energy neutrinos (Eν ∼ 80 GeV) via the identification of upward throughgoing muons. Lower energy neutrinos (Eν ∼ 4 GeV) via the upgoing stopping and partially contained downgoing muons (ID+UGS), or via ...