1. Plant species composition and cornmunity functional structure (Le. trait composition at the COffimunity level) result fram a hierarchy of envÍronmental filters that constrain which species and traits tend to be dominant in a given habitat. 2. We quantified variation in cornmunity functional structure along natural gradients of soíl resources using several aboveand below-ground parameters and...

  Abstract : The main objective of this study is estimating the strong motion for the Bam region using the stochastically based seismological models. The two widely used synthetic techniques namely point-source and finite-fault were utilized incorporating the source-path and site parameters into simple function. The decay factor kappa was estimated based on the data obtained from recorded stron...

A simple definition of the duration of strong earthquake ground motion based on the mean-square integral of motion has been presented. It is closely related to that part of the strong motion which contributes significantly to the seismic energy as recorded at a point and to the related spectral amplitudes. Correlations have been established between the duration of strong-motion acceleration, ve...

due to its critical impact and significant destructive nature during and after seismic events, soil liquefaction and liquefactioninduced lateral ground spreading have been increasingly important topics in the geotechnical earthquake engineering field during the past four decades. the aim of this research is to develop an empirical model for the assessment of liquefaction-induced lateral ground ...

A linear vortex panel method is extended to include the effect Abstract of ground proximity on the aerodynamic properties of two dimensional airfoils. The image method is used to model the ground effect . According to the results, lift coefficient of an airfoil may increase or decrease in ground effect based on a combinative effect of its camber, thickness, angle of attack and ground clearance....

during the past decades, attempts have been made to develop an early warning system for coming destructive earthquakes a few seconds before the ongoing ground motion. in this paper, a practical method for the early warning of earthquakes in south iran is presented. this region is selected for study because it has high potential for generating earthquakes and has a more complete strong ground mo...