The use of miniature swine as a non-rodent species in safety assessment has continued to expand for over a decade and their use has become routine, particularly in pharmacology as a model for human integumentary diseases. Translational preclinical swine study data are now favorably compared and contrasted to human data, and miniature swine models provide important information in dermal safety a...

Skin is an emerging target tissue in pharmaceutical and cosmetic science. Safety assessment for dermal toxicity is a critical step for development of topically applicable pharmaceutical agents and ingredients in cosmetics. Urgent needs exist to set up toxicity testing methods for dermal safety, and identification of novel biomarkers for pathological cutaneous alteration is highly required. Here...

1. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals are periodically reviewed in the light of scientific progress and animal welfare considerations. The original acute Dermal Toxicity Guideline TG 402 (1) was adopted in 1987. Development of a dermal Fixed Dose Procedure (FDP) was considered appropriate, following adoption of the revised Oral FDP, OECD Guideline 420 (2) and deletion of OECD Guidelin...

Aim: This study was conceived for the purpose of evaluating dermal toxicity potentials of extracts from S. glaucescens which is known for many traditional application in human and animals including healing wounds, boils, HIV, worms and application on the swollen lymph nodes of cattle suffering from east coast fever (ECF). This followed the scanty availability of information regarding Original R...

antibiotic resistance to microorganisms is one of the major problems faced in the field of wound care in burns patients. silver nanoparticles have come up as potent antimicrobial agent and are being evaluated in diverse medical applications ranging from silver based dressings to silver coated medical devices. we aimed in present study to test the release of nanosilver from nanosilver wound dres...

Focal granulomatous inflammation developed in the livers of five 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The characteristic features of this lesion were the presence of foreign body multinucleated giant cells engulfing calcium deposits and site-specific development in a fissure formed in a sub-lobation in the left lobe or interlobar fissure of the medial lobe of the liver. To clarify the pathogen...

objective(s): nanomaterials, especially silver nanoparticles (ag-nps), are employed in an increasing number of commercial products. this has led to an ever growing exposure of human beings to this substance. the first purpose of the nano committee of food and drug administration of the islamic republic of iran (ifda) is developing guidelines to assess and approve commercial nano-health products...

background pomegranate (punica granatum) is a significant source of bioactive compounds. however, its toxicity is not intensively studied. objectives the current study investigated the safety and tolerability of pomegranate peel extract (ppe) in balb/c mice. conclusions the current study showed that ppe had no toxicity and its use is suggested with potential applications against diseases. resul...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hericium erinaceus is a culinary-medicinal mushroom and has a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic for stomach disorders, ulcers and gastrointestinal ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the potential toxic effects of the aqueous extract from the fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus in rats by a sub-ch...

Polymyxin B treated cell sonicates, cell-free supernatants and outer membrane proteins were prepared from animal-passed, virulence-enhanced strains and original isogenic strains of Cjejuni and tested for dermal toxicity in rabbits. Polymyxin B extracts produced the strongest lesions, but the outer membrane protein from 6 times mouse-passed strains elicited a mild skin reaction. Culture-supernat...