INTRODUCTION Various surgical techniques for the treatment of Hirschsprung disease (HD) have been proposed. The most relevant long-term complications of HD surgery include constipation, soiling/incontinence, enterocolitis, and anastomotic stricture. To date, there has been no randomized controlled trial evaluating the long-term outcome of OPEN surgery compared with transanal approaches with and...

In the automotive industry Lattice-Boltzmann type flow solvers like PowerFlow from Exa Corporation are becoming increasingly important. In contrast to the traditional finite volume approach PowerFlow utilizes a hierachical cartesian grid for flow simulation. In this case study we show how to take advantage of these hierarchical grids in order to extend an existing Lattice-Boltzmann CFD environm...

With inocula of 6 to 7 log(10) CFU, most vegetative bacteria and spores tested survived on surfaces for more than 5 weeks, but all were inactivated within 90 min of exposure to hydrogen peroxide vapor in a 100-m(3) test room even in the presence of 0.3% bovine serum albumin to simulate biological soiling.

Soiling consists of the accumulation dust on solar panel's surface and has a deleterious effect photovoltaic devices' performance, which varies with location. However, soiling losses rates are significantly under-reported or underestimated since regional differences seasonal variations overlooked. Accurate prediction PV for particular location can save revenue associated system. This research i...

The choice of a particular PV technology for best performance is sometimes based upon single factor or operating condition. However, many parameters have functionalities that oppose each under actual conditions. In this paper, the comparisons different module technologies moderate environmental conditions (Tropical Climate Zone, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) are explored two competing soiling-layer s...

Abstract Soiling, particulate accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) module surfaces, reduces the available solar resource and resulting generated device power. This case-study summarizes initial results of 5-year research contrasting soiling conditions in tropical, subtropical, semi-arid climates Brazil. A major objective is to present a case study effects PV performance different Brazil climate zo...