BACKGROUND/AIM The technique of photoretinoscopy is unique in being able to measure the dynamics of the oculomotor system (ocular accommodation, vergence, and pupil size) remotely (working distance typically 1 metre) and objectively in both eyes simultaneously. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically the measurement of refractive error by a recent commercial photoretinoscopic device, t...

PURPOSE We investigated the correlations between optical quality parameters obtained from the double-pass system and ocular aberrations obtained from the ray-tracing aberrometer in multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implanted eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty eyes from 20 patients were enrolled in this study. Modulation transfer function cutoff frequency, The Strehl ratio, objective scatter i...

We assessed the repeatability and validity of the PowerRefractor and the Nidek AR-600A autorefractor. This is the first independent study conducted on adults to evaluate the performance of these instruments in a laboratory setting. Fifty subjects (23 males and 27 females) aged 16 to 61 years (mean, 37 +/- 12) participated in the study. The validity of the PowerRefractor and the Nidek autorefrac...

PURPOSE To study, for the first time, the effect of wearing ready-made glasses and glasses with power determined by self-refraction on children's quality of life. METHODS This is a randomized, double-masked non-inferiority trial. Children in grades 7 and 8 (age 12-15 years) in nine Chinese secondary schools, with presenting visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 improved with refraction to ≥6/7.5 bilateral...

Uncorrected refractive errors are the single largest cause of visual impairment globally. Refractive errors are an avoidable cause of visual impairment that are easily correctable. Provision of spectacles is a cost-effective measure. Unfortunately, this simple solution becomes a public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries because of the paucity of human resources for refraction ...

SIR, Thank you for allowing me the opportunity to reply to Dr Simons's letter. Perhaps I may answer, one by one, the points he raises. Firstly, we cannot say that those in our sample who presented before 31/2, almost inevitably with a cosmetically noticeable squint, would necessarily have done so in other socioeconomic conditions. The particular set-up we have in that part of our district could...

purpose: to investigate the effects of surface ablation excimer surgery on higher-order aberrations and to assess the safety and efficacy of wavefront-guided surface ablation excimer surgery in patients with hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. methods: in this analytical & descriptive study, wavefront-guided surface ablation excimer surgery was performed in 58 eyes of 31 patients with hyperopi...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in the schoolchildren of the city of bojnourd, iran methods : in 2010, randomized stratified cluster sampling was employed in a cross-sectional study on primary and junior high schoolchildren. all the examinations were performed in schools. all students received refraction, vision and subjective refraction tests. the cover test w...

OBJECTIVE The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory is a questionnaire for assessing the impact of tinnitus by quantifying psychoemotional and functional problems it causes. The objective of the study was to validate the Brazilian Portuguese translation of this questionnaire, named Questionario de Gravidade do Zumbido. METHODS The questionnaire was applied to 135 individuals with tinnitus from two audi...