Questions of similarity and dissimilarity are central to both the study and practice of intellectual property law. Trademark law’s basic consideration in determinations of infringement is consumer confusion. Similarity of marks is a basic measure of the likelihood of confusion and the concept of confusion itself – the misidentification of one object with another – is, in some ways, a very basic...

Let D be a bounded domain in C with ζ0 ∈ ∂D. We say that ζ0 is a substantial boundary point of D for the affine stretch x+ iy 7→ Kx+ iy, where K > 1, if for every neighbourhood U of ζ0 and for every component V of U ∩ D with ζ0 ∈ ∂V , the maximal dilatation of f is at least K for every quasiconformal map f of V such that f(x+ iy) = Kx+ iy for all x+ iy ∈ ∂V ∩ ∂D. We give here a criterion for a ...

Researchers are often perplexed when their machine learning algorithms are required to deal with complex number. Various strategies are commonly employed to project complex number into real number, although it is frequently sacrificing the information contained in the complex number. This paper proposes a new method and four techniques to represent complex number as real number, without having ...

Human rights situation in the Middle East (ME) is a central concern in contemporary political as well as academic discourses. There is a considerable amount of literature on the subject, both academic and journalistic, in the Western world. A large part of that literature blames the ME in different ways for its ‘terrible’ conception and treatment of human rights norms. They typically, do not he...