During the last two decades the multiple functions and values of wetlands have been recognized not only by the scientists and managers working with wetlands, but also by the public. The ability of wetlands to transform and store organic matter has been exploited in constructed wetlands. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of the uses of constructed wetlands in water pollution control by ...

[1] This study investigated how roads interact with hillslope flow in a steep, forested landscape dominated by subsurface flow and how road interactions with hillslope flow paths influence hydrologic response during storms in a second-order catchment. Runoff was measured continuously from 12 subcatchments draining to road segments and covering 14% of a 101-ha, second-order catchment (WS3) in th...

[1] The Apollo lunar heat flow measurements gave values of 21 and 16 mW m 2 which, after extrapolation based on thorium abundances, yields a global estimate of 18 mWm . A refinement of the assumptions of the subsurface structure and the resulting focusing of heat flux later led to a revision of the global value to 12 mWm . We think that to date none of the models linking the Apollo heat flow me...

The papers in the " Hydrothermal Vent " research topic cover a range of microbiological research in deep and shallow hydrothermal environments, from high temperature " black smokers, " to diffuse flow habitats and episodically discharging subsurface fluids, to the hydrothermal plumes. Together they provide a snapshot of current research interests in a field that has evolved rapidly since the di...

The optimization of subsurface flow processes is important for many applications including oil field operations and the geological storage of carbon dioxide. These optimizations are very demanding computationally due to the large number of flow simulations that must be performed and the typically large dimension of the simulation models. In this work, reduced-order modeling (ROM) techniques are...

The Support Architecture for Large-Scale Subsurface Analysis (SALSSA) provides an extensible framework, sophisticated graphical user interface (GUI), and underlying data management system that simplifies the process of running subsurface models, tracking provenance information, and analyzing the model results. The SALSSA software framework is currently being applied to validating the Smoothed P...

In this chapter a general model for the two-phase fluid flow in porous media is presented, together with its simplified form, known as the Richards equation, which is applicable (under specific assumptions) to describe water flow in the vadose zone. In each case the governing equations are formulated at the Darcy scale, using the capillary pressure–saturation relationship and an empirical exten...

As geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly being applied to surface and subsurface flow and transport modeling issues, it becomes important to more clearly define potential advantages and achievable objectives with this technology. This chapter describes an integrated conceptual framework for predicting basin-scale solute loading rates through and from the vadose zone. The appro...

We proposed a new microwave transfer model to assist with retrieving lunar heat flow and subsurface temperature structure, and both CE-1 and CE-2 data were analyzed.