An observable constraint on climate sensitivity, based on variations in mid-tropospheric relative humidity (RH) and their impact on clouds, is proposed. We show that the tropics and subtropics are linked by teleconnections that induce seasonal RH variations that relate strongly to albedo (via clouds), and that this covariability is mimicked in a warming climate. A present-day analog for future ...

Climate change represents one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. We investigate how climate will affect future potential distribution tree species in subtropical high montane habitats Atlantic Forest and identify refuges for these species. The most frequent exclusive this ecosystem were selected geographic coordinates compiled. maximum entropy algorithm was used climatic niche mode...

We use a modern climate model and new estimates of smoke generated by fires in contemporary cities to calculate the response of the climate system to a regional nuclear war between emerging third world nuclear powers using 100 Hiroshima-size bombs (less than 0.03% of the explosive yield of the current global nuclear arsenal) on cities in the subtropics. We find significant cooling and reduction...

Abiotically stressful environment in changing climate is predicted to impact negatively the diversity and abundance of insect-pests; and ultimately the extent of damage caused in economically important agricultural crops. This may affect perilously the agricultural production and the livelihood of farmers especially in tropical and subtropical countries where larger proportion of work force is ...

Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan, SW China, is a famous locality with hominids, hominoids, mammals and plant fossils. Based on the published megaflora and palynoflora data from Yuanmou Basin, the climate of Late Pliocene is reconstructed using the Coexistence Approach. The results indicate a warm and humid subtropical climate with a mean annual temperature of ca. 16-17°C and a mean annual precipitation ...

The spatial pattern and magnitude of tropical and subtropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have been a major challenge for many years. The range of the LGM tropical and subtropical cooling remains a major source of uncertainties for our understanding of the LGM climate. The global SST reconstruction for the LGM is an important ocean surface boundary conditio...

Soil bacteria may be influenced by vegetation and play important roles in global carbon efflux and nutrient cycling under global changes. Coniferous and broadleaved forests are two phyletically distinct vegetation types. Soil microbial communities in these forests have been extensively investigated but few studies have presented comparable data regarding the characteristics of bacterial communi...

The ability of subtropical stratus low cloud cover to moderate or amplify the tropical response to climate forcing such as increased CO2 is considered. Cloud radiative forcing over the subtropics is parameterized using an empirical relation between stratus cloud cover and the di erence in potential temperature between 700 mb (a level which is above the trade inversion) and the surface. This rel...

Thermal regimes in aquatic systems have profound implications for the physiology of ectotherms. In particular, the effect of elevated temperatures on mitochondrial energy transduction in tropical and subtropical teleosts may have profound consequences on organismal performance and population viability. Upper and lower whole-organism critical temperatures for teleosts suggest that subtropical an...

Expansion of the tropics will likely affect subtropical precipitation, but observed and modeled precipitation trends disagreewith each other.Moreover, the dynamic processes at the tropical edge and their interactionswith precipitation are not well understood. This study assesses the skill of climate models to reproduce observed Australian precipitation variability at the tropical edge. A multiv...