Abstract Kant distinguishes between ‘active’ and ‘passive’ citizens holds that only the former are civilly self-sufficient possess rights of political participation. Such important, since for state institutions a necessary condition individual freedom. Thus, active entitled to contribute freedom each. I argue attributes civil self-sufficiency those who not under authority any private their surv...

Abstract The distinction between equality and sufficiency, much discussed in the distributive justice literature, is here applied to democratic theory. Overlooking this can have significant normative implications, undermining some defences criticisms of political equality, as I show by discussing work three prominent theorists: Thomas Christiano, David Estlund, Mark Warren. Most importantly, Ch...

The making of sustainable economies calls for sufficiency in production and consumption. discussion, however, lacks a shared understanding on what it means to operationalize sufficiency. In this article, we review analyze the concept with focus its linkages different economic scales (with micro- macroeconomics) actors (particularly consumers producers). Altogether 307 articles were screened, re...

Abstract Pearl opened the door to formally defining actual causation using causal models. His approach rests on two strategies: first, capturing widespread intuition that X = x causes Y y iff is a Necessary Element of Sufficient Set for , and second, showing his definition gives intuitive answers wide set problem cases. This inspired dozens variations causation, most prominent which are due Hal...